scholarly journals Spatial and genetic structure of the lodgepole × jack pine hybrid zone

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Burns ◽  
Patrick M.A. James ◽  
David W. Coltman ◽  
Catherine I. Cullingham
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Zone ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Environmental Predictors ◽  
Essential Information

In north-central Alberta, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) form a mosaic hybrid zone, the spatial extent of which remains poorly defined. We sought to refine the genetic and geographic distribution of this hybrid zone in western North America to provide information important in predicting future risk of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) outbreaks. We used 29 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to discriminate lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids. We compared and contrasted spatial patterns of hybridization in northern and southern forest zones based on the colonization history of the two species. We found that patterns of introgression were more similar between the zones than expected by chance, but there were significant differences between these regions at specific loci. Using logistic regression, we created a robust predictive model to distinguish among lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids using a combination of geographic and environmental predictors. Using model selection based on Akaike information criterion, we found that location, elevation, and moisture are important predictors for species class. Quantification of the genetic differences between these two regions, combined with an accurate model for predicting the spatial distribution of lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids, provides essential information for continued effective management of forest resources.

Best of both worlds: hybrids of two commercially important pines (Pinus contorta × P. banksiana) combine increased growth potential and high drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Bockstette ◽  
Raul de la Mata ◽  
Barb R. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Drought Resistant ◽  
Pine Hybrids

Over 18 million hectares of lodgepole pine forests have been affected by a massive mountain pine beetle outbreak in western Canada. The ensuing need for reforestation compels forest managers to deploy more drought-resistant stock in anticipation of a hotter and drier future climate. Recent studies suggest that naturally occurring lodgepole pine × jack pine hybrids may be more drought-resistant than pure lodgepole pine. We used single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to determine the level of jack pine introgression present in the region J lodgepole pine seed orchard, in northwest Alberta, and identified six hybrid genotypes with 10-18% jack pine introgression for further study. We compared the performance of open-pollinated seedlings of lodgepole, jack and hybrid pines under well-watered and drought conditions in a greenhouse experiment. Seedlings were subjected to repeated drought cycles, withholding water for either two or three weeks. We found that hybrid pines grew significantly faster than lodgepole pine under well-watered conditions while retaining the high tolerance to prolonged drought exhibited by lodgepole pine seedlings, a particularly beneficial combination of traits during the critical stage of establishment. We therefore suggest the deployment of hybrid lodgepole pine as a strategy to promote adaptation to hotter and drier future climates.

Testing for trade-offs between flight and reproduction in the mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on two pine (Pinaceae) hosts

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asha Wijerathna ◽  
Caroline Whitehouse ◽  
Heather Proctor ◽  
Maya Evenden
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Offspring Sex Ratio ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractMountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), adults fly to disperse before host colonisation. The effect of flight on reproduction was tested by comparing the number and quality of offspring from beetles flown on flight mills to that of unflown control beetles. Beetles reproduced in bolts of their native host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelmann (Pinaceae)), or a novel host, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lambert (Pinaceae)). Bolts infested by control beetles produced more offspring overall than bolts with flown beetles. The effect of pine species on the number of offspring produced per bolt varied by individual tree. Flown adults produced fewer offspring compared to control parents in all bolts in jack pine regardless of the tree, but tree-level variation was visible in lodgepole pine. An interaction between flight treatment and tree host affected beetle body condition. More offspring emerged from jack pine, but higher quality offspring emerged from lodgepole pine. The offspring sex ratio was female-biased regardless of parental flight treatment. This study reveals trade-offs between flight and reproduction in mountain pine beetle as measured at the level of the bolt.

Stability of resistance to western gall rust and needle cast in lodgepole pine provenances

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry X Wu ◽  
Cheng C Ying
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Needle Cast ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Stability Of Resistance ◽  
Site Evaluation

Stability of 76 interior lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta ssp. latifolia Engelm.) provenances in resistance to western gall rust (Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. More) Y. Hiratsuka) and needle cast (Lophodermella concolor (Dearn.) Darker) was investigated from 19 and 23 sites in the British Columbia interior, respectively. Provenances, sites, and provenance by site interaction had significant effects on severity level of infection of both diseases. Susceptible provenances contributed mainly to the interaction. The resistant provenances to both diseases were very stable and essentially homeostatic across sites (regression coefficient approaching 0). Resistant provenances were concentrated in the jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) - lodgepole pine hybrid zone and adjacent areas, and provenances from the low-elevation interior wetbelt were also very resistant to needle cast. Geographic patterns of provenance variation revealed that the closer a lodgepole pine provenance is to the limit of jack pine distribution, the higher and more stable is its resistance to western gall rust and needle cast. The current multiple-site evaluation supports for the hypothesis that jack pine introgression influences pest defence in lodgepole pine and suggests genetic selection can be effective.

Population differentiation of the lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) complex in Alberta: growth, survival, and responses to climate

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deogratias M. Rweyongeza ◽  
Narinder K. Dhir ◽  
Leonard K. Barnhardt ◽  
Christine Hansen ◽  
Rong-Cai Yang
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Total Variability ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
High Elevations

Growth and survival of 33 populations from a species complex involving interior lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) and jack pine ( Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and their natural hybrids in Alberta were evaluated at ages 5, 10, and 15 years in eight test sites across Alberta. We determined population differentiations by estimating Mahalanobis distances between populations from the canonical discriminant analysis of the total variability and by calculating dissimilarity indexes between populations from the quadratic regression of overall growth and survival on the overall climate. The grouping of the populations based on the Mahalanobis distances showed that most jack pine populations could be separated from lodgepole and hybrid populations, but no further subdivision was possible to distinguish lodgepole from hybrid populations. This clustering pattern was remarkably similar to the grouping based on molecular markers as shown in our earlier study. This pattern of grouping is best explained by a clear elevational demarcation between jack pine at low elevations and lodgepole pine and hybrids at midrange and high elevations. The grouping of the populations based on the dissimilarity indexes revealed a somewhat contrasting pattern; most lodgepole pine populations were in one group, whereas jack pine and hybrid populations were mixed up in the other group. The two contrasting patterns of grouping suggest that nonclimatic factors such as edaphic preference and habitat disturbances are also important in determining population distributions and niche spaces in the lodgepole – jack pine complex.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of the chitinase gene family in lodgepole and jack pines: contrasting responses to biotic threats and landscape level investigation of genetic differentiation

Botany ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon M Peery ◽  
Chandra McAllister ◽  
Catherine Cullingham ◽  
Elizabeth Mahon ◽  
Adriana Arango-Velez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Species Specific

The sister species lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb) face pressures from a multitude of biotic agents, including mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) and their pathogenic fungal associates (e.g. Grosmannia clavigera (Rob.-Jeffr. & R.W.Davidson) Zipfel, Z.W.Beer & M.J.Wingf.), mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt.) and the pathogen causing western gall rust (Cronartium harknessii E. Meinecke). Here, we report new stem tissue transcriptome resources developed for lodgepole and jack pines subjected to these biotic stresses. The annotated transcriptomes were compared to determine species-specific responses to the necrotrophic G. clavigera and the biotrophic C. harknessii. We focused on chitinases, a family that includes members with well-documented roles in defense. Putative chitinase family members were identified via annotation, sequence similarity to reference chitinase genes, phylogenetic analyses and in silico motif characterization. RNA-Seq revealed marked differences in the responses of lodgepole and jack pine chitinases to G. clavigera and C. harknessii. Potential for adaptive variation in chitinases was investigated by assessing the level of genetic differentiation between and within lodgepole and jack pines using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within chitinases. These analyses illustrate the potential of combining transcriptomic and genotyping resources to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations for non-model species.

Susceptibility of Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex to Endocronartium harknessii: host-pathogen interactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (7) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Cai Yang ◽  
Zhihong Ye ◽  
Yasu Hiratsuka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Host Group ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Endocronartium Harknessii ◽  
Rust Susceptibility

Lodgepole (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Lound.) and jack (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) pines occur sympatrically and hybridize in central and northwestern Alberta, providing opportunities for studying unique ecological and evolutionary interactions. We conducted a greenhouse inoculation experiment to investigate interactions between 40 populations of lodgepole and jack pines and their putative hybrids across this hybrid zone and two sources of the western gall rust fungus, Endocronartium harknessii (J.P. Moore) Y. Hiratsuka, one from lodgepole pine and the other from jack pine. Rust susceptibility and height were assessed when the seedlings were 6 months and 1 year old. Lodgepole pine and the hybrids were significantly more susceptible to the rust infection than jack pine. Jack pine grew significantly faster than the hybrids and lodgepole pine. In addition, the seedlings infected with spores from lodgepole pine grew significantly slower than those with spores from jack pine. While the overall rust scores indicated that spores from lodgepole pine was more virulent to the hosts than those from jack pine, both spore sources were better adapted to their own host species, causing significant spore source × host group interactions. However, such host specificity in the western gall rust is far from stabilized (equilibrium) because of continued gene exchanges among the two parental species and their hybrids.Key words: Pinus contorta - Pinus banksiana complex, western gall rust, natural hybridization, coevolutionary genetics.

Effects of introgression on the genetic population structure of two ecologically and economically important conifer species: lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana)

Genome ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 577-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine I. Cullingham ◽  
Janice E.K. Cooke ◽  
David W. Coltman
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Important Species

Forest trees exhibit a remarkable range of adaptations to their environment, but as a result of frequent and long-distance gene flow, populations are often only weakly differentiated. Lodgepole and jack pine hybridize in western Canada, which adds the opportunity for introgression through hybridization to contribute to population structure and (or) adaptive variation. Access to large sample size, high density SNP datasets for these species would improve our ability to resolve population structure, parameterize introgression, and separate the influence of demography from adaptation. To accomplish this, 454 transcriptome reads for lodgepole and jack pine were assembled using Newbler and MIRA, the assemblies mined for SNPs, and 1536 SNPs were selected for typing on lodgepole pine, jack pine, and their hybrids (N = 536). We identified population structure using both Bayesian clustering and discriminate analysis of principle components. Introgressed SNP loci were identified and their influence on observed population structure was assessed. We found that introgressed loci resulted in increased differentiation both within lodgepole and jack pine populations. These findings are timely given the recent mountain pine beetle population expansion in the hybrid zone, and will facilitate future studies of adaptive traits in these ecologically important species.

scholarly journals Paternally inherited chloroplast polymorphism in Pinus: estimation of diversity and population subdivision, and tests of disequilibrium with a maternally inherited mitochondrial polymorphism.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
J Dong ◽  
D B Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Restriction Fragment ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Population Subdivision ◽  
Dna Restriction

Abstract We have surveyed a chloroplast DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in 745 individuals, distributed rangewide in eight allopatric natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and eight allopatric natural populations of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl.). The polymorphic region of the chloroplast genome is located near duplicated psbA genes. Fourteen length variants were found in the survey, and these variants distinguished the two species qualitatively. Variant diversities were high in both species (hes = 0.43 in jack pine; hes = 0.44 in lodgepole pine). Population subdivision was weak within and among lodgepole pine subspecies and in jack pine (i.e., theta values were less than 0.05). This weak subdivision is compatible with theoretical predictions for paternally inherited markers in wind-pollinated outcrossers, as well as for polymorphisms with high length mutation rates. If these populations are at a drift-migration equilibrium, the chloroplast DNA restriction fragment data and previous mitochondrial frequency data from the same individuals are consistent with gene flow that is differential through seeds and pollen. The new data have permitted the first empirical tests of disequilibrium between maternally and paternally inherited factors. As expected, these tests failed to detect convincing evidence of nonrandom association between chloroplast and mitochondrial variants.

Modelling the effects of surface and crown fire behaviour on serotinous cone opening in jack pine and lodgepole pine forests

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Alexander ◽  
M. G. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Fire Spread ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Crown Fire ◽  
Crown Scorch ◽  
Stand Height

A methodology has been developed for defining the various threshold conditions required for the opening of serotinous cones and viable seed release in the overstorey canopies in jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests on the basis of fireline intensity and, in turn, rate of fire spread and fuel consumption. The extent of the effects to the overstorey canopy (i.e. crown scorch height and flame defoliation) and the type of fire (i.e. low- to high-intensity surface, intermittent crown and active crown) vary at any given fireline intensity level and are principally a function of foliar moisture content, canopy base height, stand height and canopy bulk density. The viability of the seed stored in serotinous cones of the two pine species begins to decreases once the flame-front residence time at the ground level of an active crown fire exceeds 50 s.

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