Genetic variation in cold hardiness of Douglas-fir in relation to parent tree environment

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
L M Balduman ◽  
S N Aitken ◽  
M Harmon ◽  
W T Adams
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Spring Phenology ◽  
Parent Tree ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Components Analysis

The extent to which parent trees within breeding zones of coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) are locally adapted to their native environments was evaluated. Forty families from each of one Coastal and one Cascade breeding population in Oregon were assessed for cold hardiness and growth phenology, and family means for traits were summarized using principal components analysis (PCA). Composition of the first two principal components (PCs) was consistent between breeding zones, years, and test sites. PC-1, describing 39-46% of trait variation, represents a suite of traits related to spring phenology and spring cold hardiness. PC-2, describing 20-22% of trait variation, consists of cold-hardiness traits not associated with phenology. The first two PCs from each population, as well as univariate traits, were regressed on parent tree location variables and modeled climatic indices separately. In the Coastal zone, PC-1 was weakly but significantly related to temperature and moisture regimes (0.176 [Formula: see text] r2 [Formula: see text] 0.235), varying with elevation and distance from the ocean. PC-2 was related to temperature and moisture regimes in both populations (0.087 [Formula: see text] r2 [Formula: see text] 0.249). These relatively weak geographic patterns for adaptive traits within breeding zones suggest that current zone size is not excessive and could likely be increased north or south.

Multivariate analysis of allozymic and quantitative trait variation in Alnus rubra: geographic patterns and evolutionary implications

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hamann ◽  
Y A El-Kassaby ◽  
M P Koshy ◽  
G Namkoong
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Geographic Patterns ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Cordilleran Ice Sheet ◽  
Allozyme Loci ◽  
Nei's Genetic Distance

Frequency data from six polymorphic allozyme loci and measurements of six quantitative traits were used to examine geographic differentiation among 65 British Columbia provenances of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.). Principal components analysis showed that variation in quantitative traits can be reduced to two underlying dimensions, one representing general vigor including the termination of the growing period and the other being the start of the growing period. Canonical correlation analysis among quantitative traits, allozyme frequencies, and geographic variables revealed complex associations of quantitative traits with the latitude, distance to the coast, and elevation of the seed source. There were no significant correlations among allozyme frequencies and quantitative traits, but the frequency of the most common allele at most loci decreased with latitude. Further, cluster analysis based on Nei's genetic distance revealed a strong differentiation among island and mainland provenances at one allozyme locus. This differentiation can be interpreted as a result of migration from two different refugia since the last glaciation. The island populations presumably originate solely from isolated coastal refugia west of the Cordilleran ice sheet, while mainland populations were also recruited from areas south of the ice.

scholarly journals Dissecting the Polygenic Basis of Cold Adaptation Using Genome-Wide Association of Traits and Environmental Data in Douglas-fir

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Amanda R. De La Torre ◽  
Benjamin Wilhite ◽  
Daniela Puiu ◽  
John Bradley St. Clair ◽  
Marc W. Crepeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Adaptation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Trait Variation ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Primary And Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Whole Genome Resequencing

Understanding the genomic and environmental basis of cold adaptation is key to understand how plants survive and adapt to different environmental conditions across their natural range. Univariate and multivariate genome-wide association (GWAS) and genotype-environment association (GEA) analyses were used to test associations among genome-wide SNPs obtained from whole-genome resequencing, measures of growth, phenology, emergence, cold hardiness, and range-wide environmental variation in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii). Results suggest a complex genomic architecture of cold adaptation, in which traits are either highly polygenic or controlled by both large and small effect genes. Newly discovered associations for cold adaptation in Douglas-fir included 130 genes involved in many important biological functions such as primary and secondary metabolism, growth and reproductive development, transcription regulation, stress and signaling, and DNA processes. These genes were related to growth, phenology and cold hardiness and strongly depend on variation in environmental variables such degree days below 0c, precipitation, elevation and distance from the coast. This study is a step forward in our understanding of the complex interconnection between environment and genomics and their role in cold-associated trait variation in boreal tree species, providing a baseline for the species’ predictions under climate change.

Principal components analysis of tree stem profiles

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1538-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Real ◽  
James A. Moore ◽  
James D. Newberry
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Geometric Shapes ◽  
Tree Form ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Tree Stem

The use of principal components analysis to study tree stem profiles was critically analyzed during 1085 destructively sampled Douglas-fir trees and 1260 simulated trees with known geometric shapes. Interpretation about the meaning of each principal component is provided and contrasted with others in the forestry literature. Nearly identical results with both the destructively sampled and simulated trees, along with certain theoretical consideratons, indicate that the principal components are related to tree form as opposed to tree profile or taper. Therefore, principal components analysis is a useful analytical tool for stratifying trees into different form groups.

Diagnoses Generated by Numerical Taxonomic Methods Applied to Standard Blood Variables

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-209
Author(s):  
L. A. Abbott ◽  
J. B. Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Components Analysis

Data taken from the blood of 262 patients diagnosed for malabsorption, elective cholecystectomy, acute cholecystitis, infectious hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or chronic renal disease were analyzed with three numerical taxonomy (NT) methods : cluster analysis, principal components analysis, and discriminant function analysis. Principal components analysis revealed discrete clusters of patients suffering from chronic renal disease, liver cirrhosis, and infectious hepatitis, which could be displayed by NT clustering as well as by plotting, but other disease groups were poorly defined. Sharper resolution of the same disease groups was attained by discriminant function analysis.

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