A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED XYLOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Chemical Procedure ◽  
Purified Salt

A series of reactions reported previously for the degradation of glucose has been modified and extended to permit the determination of carbon-14 in each of the five carbons of a single 2 mM. xylose sample. Methyl xylopyranoside was oxidized with periodic acid giving C-3 as formic acid, and a dialdehyde which was converted to strontium methoxy-diglycolate. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glycolic acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2) which was decarboxylated to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glycolic acid was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide and C-5 as formaldehyde. The activity in C-1 was determined by difference. The method was applied to xylose-1-C14, xylose-5-C14, and a biologically synthesized xylose sample with satisfactory results. This degradation procedure is theoretically applicable to other aldopentoses and aldotetroses.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED XYLOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart A. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
Chemical Procedure ◽  
Purified Salt

A series of reactions reported previously for the degradation of glucose has been modified and extended to permit the determination of carbon-14 in each of the five carbons of a single 2 mM. xylose sample. Methyl xylopyranoside was oxidized with periodic acid giving C-3 as formic acid, and a dialdehyde which was converted to strontium methoxy-diglycolate. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glycolic acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2) which was decarboxylated to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glycolic acid was oxidized by lead tetraacetate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide and C-5 as formaldehyde. The activity in C-1 was determined by difference. The method was applied to xylose-1-C14, xylose-5-C14, and a biologically synthesized xylose sample with satisfactory results. This degradation procedure is theoretically applicable to other aldopentoses and aldotetroses.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED D-FRUCTOSE AND OTHER KETOSES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Brice ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure is described for determining the activity of the individual carbon atoms in D-fructose labelled with C14, which is suitable for as little as 1 millimole of the sugar. The D-fructose is degraded by lead tetraacetate oxidation and the product is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-glyceraldehyde. Glycolic acid is oxidized to formaldehyde (carbon-1) and carbon dioxide (carbon-2), and formic acid to carbon dioxide (carbon-3). D-Glyceraldehyde is degraded to carbon dioxide (carbons-4 and -5, combined) and formaldehyde (carbon-6); after reduction of a second portion of the D-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, the degradation products obtained are carbon dioxide (carbon-5) and formaldehyde (carbons-4 and -6, combined). The activity of carbon-1, -2, -3, -5, or -6 is thus determined directly, and of carbon-4 by difference in two ways. The procedure should also be applicable to C14-labelled L-sorbose. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of sedoheptulose followed by hydrolysis yields glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-erythrose. These three fragments are degraded in turn to afford a method for partial determination of the C14-distribution in samples of this important heptulose.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELLED D-FRUCTOSE AND OTHER KETOSES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Brice ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Lead Tetraacetate ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure is described for determining the activity of the individual carbon atoms in D-fructose labelled with C14, which is suitable for as little as 1 millimole of the sugar. The D-fructose is degraded by lead tetraacetate oxidation and the product is hydrolyzed to glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-glyceraldehyde. Glycolic acid is oxidized to formaldehyde (carbon-1) and carbon dioxide (carbon-2), and formic acid to carbon dioxide (carbon-3). D-Glyceraldehyde is degraded to carbon dioxide (carbons-4 and -5, combined) and formaldehyde (carbon-6); after reduction of a second portion of the D-glyceraldehyde to glycerol, the degradation products obtained are carbon dioxide (carbon-5) and formaldehyde (carbons-4 and -6, combined). The activity of carbon-1, -2, -3, -5, or -6 is thus determined directly, and of carbon-4 by difference in two ways. The procedure should also be applicable to C14-labelled L-sorbose. Lead tetraacetate oxidation of sedoheptulose followed by hydrolysis yields glycolic acid, formic acid, and D-erythrose. These three fragments are degraded in turn to afford a method for partial determination of the C14-distribution in samples of this important heptulose.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELED GLUCOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
Stewart A. Brown ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Strontium Salt ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure based on the work of Jackson and Hudson was developed for the degradation of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside formed from 2 millimoles of glucose. Oxidation of the glucoside with periodic acid gave C-3 as formic acid and a dialdehyde which was converted to the strontium salt of D′-methoxy-D-hydroxymethyl diglycolic acid. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glyceric acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2); this was decarboxylated by heat to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glyceric acid was oxidized by periodate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide, C-5 as formic acid, and C-6 as formaldehyde. This degradation permitted the determination of C14 in each position of the glucose molecule, the activity in C-1 being determined by difference. The method was applied to glucose-1-C14 and a sample of glucose labeled in all positions with satisfactory results.

A CHEMICAL PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINATION OF THE C14-DISTRIBUTION IN LABELED GLUCOSE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boothroyd ◽  
Stewart A. Brown ◽  
J. A. Thorn ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Glyceric Acid ◽  
Diglycolic Acid ◽  
Glucose Molecule ◽  
Strontium Salt ◽  
Chemical Procedure

A procedure based on the work of Jackson and Hudson was developed for the degradation of methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside formed from 2 millimoles of glucose. Oxidation of the glucoside with periodic acid gave C-3 as formic acid and a dialdehyde which was converted to the strontium salt of D′-methoxy-D-hydroxymethyl diglycolic acid. The purified salt was hydrolyzed to glyoxylic and glyceric acids. The glyoxylic acid was isolated as the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (C-1 + C-2); this was decarboxylated by heat to give carbon dioxide from C-2. The glyceric acid was oxidized by periodate to give C-4 as carbon dioxide, C-5 as formic acid, and C-6 as formaldehyde. This degradation permitted the determination of C14 in each position of the glucose molecule, the activity in C-1 being determined by difference. The method was applied to glucose-1-C14 and a sample of glucose labeled in all positions with satisfactory results.

scholarly journals A Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Glyoxylic Acid in Its Synthesis Mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mazhar Abdulwahed ◽  
Lamia Mamoly ◽  
Wael Bosnali
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Reaction Stoichiometry

A new simple and reliable spectrophotometric method is described to determine glyoxylic acid in its synthesis reaction mixture containing oxalic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, glyoxal, and ethylene glycol by means of a modified Hopkins–Cole reaction between glyoxylic acid and tryptophan in presence of ferric chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid. The linear range of glyoxylic acid concentration is 0–0.028 M. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) are 0.0019 M and 0.00577 M, respectively. The LOD, LOQ, standard deviation, relative standard deviation, and recovery ratio of the proposed method are comparable with a selected HPLC reference method. Both methods displayed same precision and credibility. Reaction stoichiometry between tryptophan and glyoxylic acid is assumed to be 2 : 3. Reaction mechanism has been postulated based on identified molar ratios of reactants. Glyoxal gave a negative test with tryptophan although it is a dialdehyde.

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