Supplemental Material: A robust age model for the Cryogenian Pocatello Formation of southeastern Idaho (northwestern USA) from tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb dating of volcanic tuffs and epiclastic detrital zircons

<div>Figure S1. Thin-section photomicrographs for lithologies of the Bannock Volcanic Member and Scout Mountain Member of the Pocatello Formation exposed at Scout Mountain, Idaho. Sample numbers are illustrated on the stratigraphic section of Figure 4. Field of view is 24 mm × 40 mm. Tables S1–S3: LA-ICPMS U-Pb isotope and trace element concentration data. Table S4: CA-IDTIMS U-Pb isotope data.<br></div>

Supplemental Material: A robust age model for the Cryogenian Pocatello Formation of southeastern Idaho (northwestern USA) from tandem in situ and isotope dilution U-Pb dating of volcanic tuffs and epiclastic detrital zircons

<div>Figure S1. Thin-section photomicrographs for lithologies of the Bannock Volcanic Member and Scout Mountain Member of the Pocatello Formation exposed at Scout Mountain, Idaho. Sample numbers are illustrated on the stratigraphic section of Figure 4. Field of view is 24 mm × 40 mm. Tables S1–S3: LA-ICPMS U-Pb isotope and trace element concentration data. Table S4: CA-IDTIMS U-Pb isotope data.<br></div>

Determination of Parabens, Bisphenol A and Its Analogs, Triclosan, and Benzophenone-3 Levels in Human Urine by Isotope-Dilution-UPLC-MS/MS Method Followed by Supported Liquid Extraction

The development of a rapid analytical approach for determining levels of antibacterial agents, plasticizers, and ultraviolet filters in biosamples is crucial for individual exposure assessment. We developed an analytical method to determine the levels of four parabens—bisphenols A (BPA) and its analogs, triclosan (TCS), triclocarban, and benzophenone-3 (BP-3)—in human urine. We further measured the levels of these chemicals in children and adolescents. We used a supported liquid extraction (SLE) technique coupled with an isotope-dilution ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MS/MS) method to assess the detection performance for these chemicals. Forty-one urine samples from 13 children and 28 adolescents were assessed to demonstrate the capability and feasibility of our method. An acceptable recovery (75.6–102.4%) and matrix effect (precision < 14.2%) in the three-level spiked artificial urine samples were achieved, and good performance of the validated ID-UPLC-MS/MS method regarding linearity, limits of detection, and quantitation was achieved. The within-run and between-run accuracy and precision also demonstrated the sensitivity and stability of this analytical method, applied after SLE. We concluded that the ID-UPLC-MS/MS method with SLE pretreatment is a valuable analytical method for the investigation of urinary antibacterial agents, plasticizers, and ultraviolet filters in humans, useful for human biomonitoring.

Optimization of the double isotope dilution

The double isotope dilution is a powerful methodology to measure accurately the ratio between two isotopes of two different elements (e.g.238Pu/238U, 148Nd/238U or 230Th/238U ratios). To obtain the lowest...

Conjugations of Carbaryl in Insects

<p>The conjugation of carbaryl and its initial breakdown products in insects has been examined. Houseflies, blowflies and grass grubs were dosed with [3 H] carbaryl and the water-soluble metabolites examined by a combination of paper chromatographic and ionophoretic techniques. These revealed the presence of 1-naphthyl dihydrogen phosphate, 1-naphtyl hydrogen sulphate and 1-naphthyl Beta-D-glucoside in the extracts, as well as at least seven other unidentified substances, probably including the phosphate, sulphate and glucoside conjugates of oxidation products of carbaryl. The conjugation of 1-naphthol, one of the primary metabolites of carbaryl, was examined in greater detail in flies and grass grubs. Isotope dilution and paper chromatographic analyses of extracts of insects dosed with [14 C]1-naphthol revealed the presence of the phosphomonoester, sulphate, and glucoside conjugate of 1-naphthol, but phosphodiester and glucosiduronic acid conjugates could not be detected. A new metabolite of 1-naphthol was present in extracts of dosed flies. This new metabolite, and also the corresponding p-nitrophenol metabolite, was isolated form extracts of flies fed with the parent phenols and characterised as a new conjugate, the Beta-D-glucoside 6-(dihydrogen phosphate). Some of the properties of this new conjugate were determined. 1-Naphthyl Beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate probably accounted for one of the unidentified carbaryl conjugates.</p>

Conjugations of Carbaryl in Insects

<p>The conjugation of carbaryl and its initial breakdown products in insects has been examined. Houseflies, blowflies and grass grubs were dosed with [3 H] carbaryl and the water-soluble metabolites examined by a combination of paper chromatographic and ionophoretic techniques. These revealed the presence of 1-naphthyl dihydrogen phosphate, 1-naphtyl hydrogen sulphate and 1-naphthyl Beta-D-glucoside in the extracts, as well as at least seven other unidentified substances, probably including the phosphate, sulphate and glucoside conjugates of oxidation products of carbaryl. The conjugation of 1-naphthol, one of the primary metabolites of carbaryl, was examined in greater detail in flies and grass grubs. Isotope dilution and paper chromatographic analyses of extracts of insects dosed with [14 C]1-naphthol revealed the presence of the phosphomonoester, sulphate, and glucoside conjugate of 1-naphthol, but phosphodiester and glucosiduronic acid conjugates could not be detected. A new metabolite of 1-naphthol was present in extracts of dosed flies. This new metabolite, and also the corresponding p-nitrophenol metabolite, was isolated form extracts of flies fed with the parent phenols and characterised as a new conjugate, the Beta-D-glucoside 6-(dihydrogen phosphate). Some of the properties of this new conjugate were determined. 1-Naphthyl Beta-D-glucoside 6-phosphate probably accounted for one of the unidentified carbaryl conjugates.</p>