Comparison of fasting plasma amino acid patterns in the pig, rat, and chicken

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Boomgaardt ◽  
Bruce E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Lysine Concentration ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Comparison of free amino acid levels in plasma (PAA) at 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h postprandial in pigs, rats, and chickens revealed differences between mammalian and avian species in the fasting metabolism of amino acids. PAA patterns during fasting were more variable for chickens than for either rats or pigs. There was a marked increase in the plasma lysine level in chickens (27.5 to 115.8 μg/ml) as fasting was extended from 8 to 24 h. Plasma lysine levels in pigs and rats, by contrast, increased from 14.2 to 19.5 μg/ml and 39.8 to 63.7 μg/ml respectively during the same period of fast. Plasma threonine and methionine levels also increased in chickens during fasting whereas the levels of these amino acids in pigs and rats decreased or remained unchanged during a 24-h fast. Extending the period of fast to 36 h in chickens and 48 h in pigs resulted in further small increases in the plasma lysine concentration.

EFFECT OF CORTISOL TREATMENT ON FREE AMINO ACID LEVELS IN RATS

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. DE LOECKER ◽  
M. L. STAS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Turnover ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

SUMMARY Changes in the concentrations of free amino acids in intracellular fluids and blood plasma were measured in rats treated with cortisol. Increasing age raised the concentrations of free amino acids in plasma, while in liver, with the exception of glycine and alanine, decreased concentrations were observed. Cortisol treatment reduced free amino acid levels in plasma and liver which suggested a progressive catabolism of body proteins and increased protein synthesis in the liver. In skeletal muscle of control rats the free amino acid concentrations increased during the experimental period. Cortisol increased the concentration of certain amino acids and decreased that of others due to an increased protein turnover in muscle.

A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF DIETARY FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE ON FREE AMINO ACIDS IN THEBLOOD PLASMA OF CHICKS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsang-Cheng Shao ◽  
D. C. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Plasma Free Amino Acids

As previously reported, an increased concentration of plasma free amino acids, particularly lysine and threonine, was found when chicks were fasted for 24 hours. This increase was suppressed where a nonprotein diet was fed. Dextrose as the chief energy source in the nonprotein diet was more effective than shortening or lard in this respect. However, the degree to which the two energy sources differed was less where birds were adapted to the utilization of fat by feeding a diet rich in fat for a considerable time before making the comparison. Insulin administration to fasted chicks was found to lower plasma amino acid levels. The possible influence of interrelationships among dextrose, fat, and insulin on plasma amino acid levels is discussed.

scholarly journals Platelet Amino Acid Levels in Essential Thrombocytosis

Blood ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALPH L. NACHMAN ◽  
HERBERT I. HOROWITZ ◽  
RICHARD T. SILVER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Thrombocytosis ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Abstract Studies on the platelets from three patients with essential thrombocytosis were presented. The intraplatelet free amino acid levels were elevated and the pseudo-hyperkalemic phenomenon was present. In one subject the pseudohyperkalemic phenomenon was reversed after a therapeutic remission, but the elevation of amino acids persisted. The data suggest that a qualitative abnormality may exist in the platelets of patients with essential thrombocytosis.

The Stability of the Free Amino Acid Pool in Isolated Peripheral Nerves of Carcinus Maenas (L.)

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
P. D. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Neuronal Membranes ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
The Stability

1. Isolated peripheral nerves of Carcinus maenas (L.) were capable of maintaining their free amino acid levels steady for the first hour of incubation in saline. 2. The addition of a presumed blood concentration of D-glucose (7.2 mg/100 ml) caused a rapid drop in the amino acid levels, whereas incubation in actual fresh samples of blood did not. It is possible therefore that much of the glucose in crab blood might be effectively sequestered into the haemocyte fraction. 3. It is suggested that metabolism might play an important part in the maintenance of the very steep free amino acid concentration gradients across the neuronal membranes of this species. 4. The efflux of amino acids from this tissue is complex. It consists of a slow component (T0.5 = 77.7 min) and a fast component (T0.5 = 3.1 min) which account for about 50% and 40% respectively of the total intracellular radioactivity accumulated after a 20 min incubation. 5. In experiments where the nerves retained connexion with the thoracic ganglion, the levels of amino acids were higher than in controls which were isolated from the ganglion by a ligature. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.

scholarly journals The variation in amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters during sexual maturation*

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285
Author(s):  
E. Straková ◽  
P. Suchý ◽  
V. Večerek ◽  
L. Máchal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Molar Concentration ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Abstract. The paper provides an overview of results obtained in the study of variation in free amino acid levels in the blood plasma of breeding roosters (RIR 05 line) during sexual maturation (in the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th weeks of age). The results prove that dynamic changes in free amino acid concentrations in blood plasma are connected with the sexual maturation of breeding roosters. During this period the concentrations of each particular free amino acid varied at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05 and P ≤ 0.01. Furthermore, in most cases the plasma concentrations of free amino acids in the 10th and 15th week were higher in comparison with those in the 20th and 25th week. Interestingly, the concentrations of individual free amino acids ranged over a wide interval (units, tens and hundreds of μmol/l). In this respect the free amino acids in plasma can be divided into three groups. The first group consisted of amino acids that occurred at low molar concentration (up to 100 μmol/l): cysteic acid, aspartic acid, α-aminoadipic acid, methionine, isoleucine, γ-aminobutyric acid, 3-methylhistidine, tryptophan and ornitine. The second group included amino acids occurring at medium to high molar concentration (100–300 μmol/l): taurine, glutamine, 1/2 cystine, valine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, histidine, lysine and arginine. Finally, the third group contained threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine and alanine that were present at high molar concentrations (above 300 μmol/l). Analyses of plasma in the period from the 10th to 25th week detected dynamic changes in levels of individual free amino acids and showed that the total content of these amino acids gradually decreased to the following mean values: 5 685.00 μmol/l in the 10th week, 5 076.21 μmol/l in the 15th week, 4 384.78 μmol/l in the 20th week and 4 793.30 μmol/l in the 25th week.

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