Blood flow in different areas of the gastrointestinal tract in the anesthetized dog

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Goodhead
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gall Bladder ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Ideal Tracer

Radioactive rubidium (86Rb) acts as the almost ideal tracer and gives accurate measurements of regional blood flow. In dogs weighing between 10 and 20 kg and anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital, blood was distributed to the various gastrointestinal organs as follows: esophagus 29.5 ml/min 100 g; stomach 52.3 ml/min 100 g; gall bladder 35.8 ml/min 100 g; duodenum 111.1 ml/min 100 g; pancreas 65.2 ml/min 100 g; jejunum and ileum 99.5 ml/min 100 g; and colon 123.6 ml/min 100 g.

Comparison of vascular response of different locations of the gastrointestinal tract to isoproterenol and nifedipine

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 1563-1567 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Prokopiw ◽  
P. K. Dinda ◽  
I. T. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Receptor Density ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Vascular Response

In the present study we have compared the effect of intravenous infusion of a calcium channel blocker, nifedipine (1.0 μg∙kg−1∙min−1 for 20 min), with that of isoproterenol (0.1 μg∙kg−1∙min−1 for 20 min) on the hemodynamic parameters and the vascular response of different locations and tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract. Heart rate increased with isoproterenol but not with nifedipine. Both agents caused a similar increase in cardiac output and a similar fall in mean arterial pressure. After 20 min infusion, nifedipine increased the blood flow of the axillary artery, but isoproterenol had no such effect. Isoproterenol caused vasodilation of the mucosa in the antrum but not in the fundus and the body of the stomach or in the duodenum, jejunum, mid small intestine, ileum, and colon. The mucosal effect of nifedipine was similar, except that it also caused vasodilation in the small bowel and in the ascending colon. Nifedipine caused vasodilation of the muscularis throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but isoproterenol had no such effect. These differences are discussed in relation to the mechanism of action of these two vasodilators. It is suggested that the vascular response of different locations and tissue layers of the gastrointestinal tract to vasodilators is locally regulated by a variety of mechanisms. These mechanisms may include β- and α-receptor density and (or) sensitivity, angiotensin II activity, and metabolic need of the tissues.Key words: nifedipine, isoproterenol, regional blood flow, microspheres, hemodynamics.

Assessment of the incorporation of revascularized fibula grafts used for mandibular reconstruction with F-18-PET

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (02) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schliephake ◽  
van den Hoff ◽  
W. H. Knapp ◽  
G. Berding
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Mandibular Reconstruction ◽  
Reference Region ◽  
Osteoblastic Activity ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Measured Input

Summary Aim: Determination of the range of regional blood flow and fluoride influx during normal incorporation of revascularized fibula grafts used for mandibular reconstruction. Evaluation, if healing complications are preceded by typical deviations of these parameters from the normal range. Assessment of the potential influence of using “scaled population-derived” instead of “individually measured” input functions in quantitative analysis. Methods: Dynamic F-l 8-PET images and arterialized venous blood samples were obtained in 11 patients early and late after surgery. Based on kinetic modeling regional blood flow (K1) and fluoride influx (Kmlf) were determined. Results: In uncomplicated cases, early postoperative graft K1 - but not Kmlf -exceeded that of vertebrae as reference region. Kmn values obtained in graft necrosis (n = 2) were below the ranges of values observed in uncomplicated healing (0.01 13-0.0745 ml/min/ml) as well as that of the reference region (0.0154-0.0748). Knf values in mobile non-union were in the lower range - and those in rigid non-union in the upper range of values obtained in stable union (0.021 1-0.0694). If scaled population-derived instead of measured input functions were used for quantification, mean deviations of 23 ± 17% in K1 and 12 ± 16% in Kmlf were observed. Conclusions: Normal healing of predominantly cortical bone transplants is characterized by relatively low osteoblastic activity together with increased perfusion. It may be anticipated that transplant necrosis can be identified by showing markedly reduced F− influx. In case that measured input functions are not available, quantification with scaled population-derived input functions is appropriate if expected differences in quantitative parameters exceed 70%.

Basic Ideas and Principles for Quantifying Regional Blood Flow with Nuclear Medical Techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (05) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Herzog
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Regional Cerebral Blood ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Parametric Images ◽  
Major Application ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe measurement of blood flow in various organs and its visual presentation in parametric images is a major application in nuclear medicine. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the most important nuclear medicine procedures used to quantify regional blood flow. Starting with the first concepts introduced by Fick and later by Kety-Schmidt the basic principles of measuring global and regional cerebral blood are discussed and their relationships are explained. Different applications and modifications realized first in PET- and later in SPECT-studies of the brain and other organs are described. The permeability and the extraction of the different radiopharmaceuticals are considered. Finally some important instrumental implications are compared.

Regional Blood Flow Patterns along the Length of the Rodent Cochlea

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Slepecky ◽  
Clarence Angelborg ◽  
Hans-Christian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Blood Flow Patterns

Neural control of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle after central administration of NMDA

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R492-R497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
M. Ajmal ◽  
A. G. Baillie
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Central Administration

Intracerebroventricular injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) produces hyperglycemia and increases whole body glucose uptake. The purpose of the present study was to determine in rats which tissues are responsible for the elevated rate of glucose disposal. NMDA was injected intracerebroventricularly, and the glucose metabolic rate (Rg) was determined for individual tissues 20-60 min later using 2-deoxy-D-[U-14C]glucose. NMDA decreased Rg in skin, ileum, lung, and liver (30-35%) compared with time-matched control animals. In contrast, Rg in skeletal muscle and heart was increased 150-160%. This increased Rg was not due to an elevation in plasma insulin concentrations. In subsequent studies, the sciatic nerve in one leg was cut 4 h before injection of NMDA. NMDA increased Rg in the gastrocnemius (149%) and soleus (220%) in the innervated leg. However, Rg was not increased after NMDA in contralateral muscles from the denervated limb. Data from a third series of experiments indicated that the NMDA-induced increase in Rg by innervated muscle and its abolition in the denervated muscle were not due to changes in muscle blood flow. The results of the present study indicate that 1) central administration of NMDA increases whole body glucose uptake by preferentially stimulating glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and 2) the enhanced glucose uptake by muscle is neurally mediated and independent of changes in either the plasma insulin concentration or regional blood flow.

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