THE STOMODAEAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, THE NEUROSECRETORY SYSTEM, AND THE GLAND COMPLEX IN AEDES AEGYPTI (L.) (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The stomodaeal nervous system in Aedes aegypti (L.) possesses a frontal, a hypocerebral, and two ventricular ganglia. It innervates parts of the alimentary tract and some muscles of ingestion, and it has associated with it certain motor nerves from the central nervous system, and sensory nerves. In larvae these sensory nerves originate from tactile head hairs, and from sensilla on the epipharyngeal apparatus. The neurosecretory system is generally similar to that in other insects. The pars intercerebralis contains three paired groups of neurosecretory cells, with axons from one pair leading to the dorsal mass, a structure fused to the hypocerebral ganglion. Evidence suggests that the dorsal mass functionally corresponds to part of the corpus cardiacum of other insects. However, what seem to be cardiacum cells are located some distance away in two groups in the endocrine gland complex in the thorax. The corpora allata, also contained in this complex, can first be recognized as distinct organs early in the third instar. In the corpora allata of adult females, cell division and an increase in the amount of cytoplasm occur soon after emergence, rather than after a blood meal. When adult females are about 1 day old, vacuoles begin to develop in the corpora allata. Cells in the gland complex corresponding to the prothoracic gland cells begin to histolyze in the pupa, and most of them are completely broken down before adults are 1 day old.

The Stomodaeal Nervous System, Neurosecretion, and Related Endocrine and Nervous Structures in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Burgess ◽  
J. G. Rempel
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Prothoracic Gland ◽  
Neurosecretory Material ◽  
Purple Colour ◽  
Aldehyde Fuchsin ◽  
The Common

This exhibit represents some portions of a study of the stomodaeal nervous system, neurosecretory cells, corpora allata, corpora cardiaca, and prothoracic gland cells in post-embryonic stages of Aedes aegypti (L.), the yellow fever mosquito. Some of these structures share the common property of being involved in the production of hormones.Mosquitoes were reared under standard conditions. Larvae, pupae and adults were fixed at timed intervals in histological fixatives. Sectioned specimens were stained in Gomori's aldehyde-fuchsin, Gomori's chrome-haematoxyh-phloxin and other stains. The aldehyde-fuchsin technique, which imparted a bright purple colour to neurosecretory material, was particularly useful. Vita1 staining with methylene blue was used to trace the stomodaeal nervous system

Glucuronyl 3-sulfate occurs exclusively on distal unmyelinated terminals of selected sensory neurons in the peripheral nervous system

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 958-959
Author(s):  
S.S. Spicer ◽  
B.A. Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Tissue Antigens ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Leu 7

Generation of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against tissue antigens has yielded several (VC1.1, HNK- 1, L2, 4F4 and anti-leu 7) which recognize the unique sugar epitope, glucuronyl 3-sulfate (Glc A3- SO4). In the central nervous system, these MAbs have demonstrated Glc A3-SO4 at the surface of neurons in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the retina and other widespread regions of the brain.Here we describe the distribution of Glc A3-SO4 in the peripheral nervous system as determined by immunostaining with a MAb (VC 1.1) developed against antigen in the cat visual cortex. Outside the central nervous system, immunoreactivity was observed only in peripheral terminals of selected sensory nerves conducting transduction signals for touch, hearing, balance and taste. On the glassy membrane of the sinus hair in murine nasal skin, just deep to the ringwurt, VC 1.1 delineated an intensely stained, plaque-like area (Fig. 1). This previously unrecognized structure of the nasal vibrissae presumably serves as a tactile end organ and to our knowledge is not demonstrable by means other than its selective immunopositivity with VC1.1 and its appearance as a densely fibrillar area in H&E stained sections.

The Larval Eclosion Hormone Neurones in Manduca Sexta: Identification of the Brain-Proctodeal Neurosecretory System

1989 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 457-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. TRUMAN ◽  
PHILIP F. COPENHAVER
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Neurosecretory System ◽  
Nerve Activity ◽  
Eclosion Hormone ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Larval and pupal ecdyses of the moth Manduca sexta are triggered by eclosion hormone (EH) released from the ventral nervous system. The major store of EH activity in the latter resides in the proctodeal nerves that extend along the larval hindgut. At pupal ecdysis, the proctodeal nerves show a 90% depletion of stored activity, suggesting that they are the major release site for the circulating EH that causes ecdysis. Surgical experiments involving the transection of the nerve cord or removal of parts of the brain showed that the proctodeal nerve activity originates from the brain. Retrograde and anterograde cobalt fills and immunocytochemistry using antibodies against EH revealed two pairs of neurons that reside in the ventromedial region of the brain and whose axons travel ipsilaterally along the length of the central nervous system (CNS) and project into the proctodeal nerve, where they show varicose release sites. These neurons constitute a novel neuroendocrine pathway in insects which appears to be dedicated solely to the release of EH.

Normal and Induced Degeneration of Abdominal Muscles during Metamorphosis in the Lepidoptera

1956 ◽  
Vol s3-97 (38) ◽  
pp. 215-233
Author(s):  
L. H. FINLAYSON
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Corpora Allata ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Muscle Degeneration ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Central Innervation ◽  
Denervated Muscles ◽  
Longitudinal Muscles

Certain segmental units of the three main longitudinal muscle-bands in the abdomen of the larva of Galleria, Platysamia, Telea, Antheraea, and Samia (Philosamia) do not degenerate during the histolytic phase in the prepupa and early pupa. In the 3rd abdominal segment the amount of muscle that persists is variable; in the 4th, 5th, and 6th segments, invariable. Apart from single pairs of transverse muscles in the 2nd and 3rd segments and those of the gut and heart there are no other muscles in the pupa. Vestiges of degenerated muscles are often found in the pupa. The longitudinal muscles which survive the transformation of the pupa into the adult degenerate during the first 2 days of adult life. Experiments were made on larvae, prepupae, pupae, and adults in attempts to influence muscle-degeneration and muscle-persistence. Extirpation of ganglia or severance of nerves in larvae and prepupae of Galleria caused the normally persistent muscles to degenerate during pupation. Controls in which larvae were dissected before pupation revealed no degeneration of denervated muscles. In saturniids denervation also resulted in degeneration or atrophy but only after a much longer period, a matter of several weeks instead of several days. Muscles may be affected by extirpation of ganglia or severance of nerves in segments preceding their own segment. Previous workers have shown that the growth of the new adult muscles is dependent on the influence of the central nervous system. This is not so in the case of sheets of fine muscle-fibres lying under the epidermis of the adult. They develop in the absence of central innervation. Operations which had no effect on muscle-degeneration in the adult included extirpation of ganglia in pupa and adult, beheading and bleeding, extirpation of corpora allata plus corpora cardiaca, ligations, extirpation of pupal gonads, and isolation of adult abdomens. Substitution of blood from diapausing pupae or saline for the adult blood in isolated abdomens was effective in slowing the process of muscle-degeneration. This result shows that the blood composition is of importance in the process of histolysis in the adult. The previous work on the physiology of insect histolysis is briefly reviewed. The influence of the nervous system as described in this paper is discussed and related to similar findings in other arthropods and in vertebrates.

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