Development of Physaloptera maxillaris (Nematoda) in the common field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Lincoln ◽  
Roy C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Infective Stage ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Important Intermediate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Field

Physaloptera maxillaris (Molin) from the stomach of striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis Schreber) developed to the infective stage in the common field cricket (Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister). Development took place in host capsules on the ileum. The first molt occurred 4 days and the second 8 days after infection in crickets kept at 30C and a relative humidity of 68–80%. The larval stages are described in detail and it is suggested that the field cricket may be a most important intermediate host of P. maxillaris in the Guelph area.

Development of Turgida turgida (Rudolphi, 1819) in the common field cricket (Acheta pennsylvanicus Burmeister)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 2134-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Gray ◽  
R. C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Field Cricket ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Field

Several species of orthopterans and coleopterans were experimentally infected with Turgida turgida. The common field cricket, Acheta pennsylvanicus, was the most suitable host. Eggs of T. turgida usually hatched in the ileum of crickets. Larvae were observed in the wall of the ieum 4 h postinfection. Larvae became encapsulated in the gut wall and moulted twice. At 30 °C the first moult occurred 5 days and the second one 10 days after infection. Larvae are described in detail. The intensity of T. turgida in crickets could be augmented by challenge infections.

Mass rearing of the common field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus burmeister (Orthoptera, Gryllidae), for use as a test insect in toxicological studies

1964 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Harris ◽  
H. J. Svec
Keyword(s):  
Milk Powder ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Field Cricket ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Nymphal Stage ◽  
Gryllus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Common

A method of rearing Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burm. is described, designed to yield large numbers of first-instar nymphs of uniform age for toxicological investigations Nymphs are reared to the fourth instar in glass vessels containing a little soil, which prevents cannibalism, and then transferred to glass-topped stock cages having sides and floors of aluminium screening and each accommodating 250 individuals. A mixture of dog-food pellets, oatmeal and milk powder, with fresh oats or clover, is provided throughout as food, and petri dishes of moist fine sand for oviposition. After separation from the sand by sieving, the eggs are incubated in moist soil at 24°C. for one month, subjected to 4°C. for three months to eliminate the obligate diapause, and then returned to 24°C., when 70 per cent, hatch after 15–18 days. The diapause enables eggs to be stored at 4°C. until required. At 24°C., the nymphal stage lasted about 81 days, the adult males and females, which are produced in equal numbers, survived about 62 and 56 days, respectively, oviposition extended over 11 weeks and the average number of eggs laid per female was 970·6.

scholarly journals Summer Movements and Impact of Individual Striped Skunks, Mephitis mephitis, on Duck Nests in Saskatchewan

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Serge Larivière ◽  
Lyle R. Walton ◽  
François Messier
Keyword(s):  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Striped Skunk ◽  
Intensive Observations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Foraging Movements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Striped Skunks ◽  
Nesting Season

Striped Skunks (Mephitis mephitis) are important predators of duck eggs in the Canadian prairies. We estimated the impact of individual Striped Skunks on duck nests by intensive observations of foraging movements and depredation of duck nests in southern Saskatchewan, 1993-1994. Nightly, skunk movements were variable (range 0-20 km per night), and did not differ among seasons for females, or between males and females during the parturition/rearing season. Overall, nightly movement of Striped Skunks averaged 7.4 km for females (SD = 5.9 km, n = 20 females) and 6.7 km for males (SD = 3.2 km, n = 5 males). During 1,873 h of radio-tracking, we observed depredation of 10 duck nests by 8 skunks (7 F, 1 M). Using our observed estimate of one depredation for every 187 h, and averaged nightly activity of 8-10 h per night, we estimated that individual skunks find one duck nest every 19-23 nights. Thus, during the 60-day nesting season for ducks (mid-May to mid-July), individual skunks probably find 2-3 duck nests. These observations reinforce the growing evidence that, at normal duck nest densities (<2.5 nests/ha), depredation of eggs by Striped Skunks is opportunistic, and the impact of Striped Skunks on duck nests is a direct function of Striped Skunk abundance.

A Sarcocystis neurona-like Organism Associated with Encephalitis in a Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis)

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 172 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Dubey ◽  
A. N. Hamir ◽  
M. Niezgoda ◽  
C. E. Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Mephitis Mephitis ◽  
Sarcocystis Neurona ◽  
Striped Skunk

scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

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