scholarly journals FLUAZIFOP-P-BUTYL EFFICACY AS A FUNCTION OF APPLICATION TIME AND HERBICIDE DOSE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.F. CIESLIK ◽  
R.A. VIDAL ◽  
A.B. MACHADO ◽  
M.M. TREZZI
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Grass weeds are common in summer crops and strongly decreases the grain yield of the common bean crop. The time of herbicide application influences the variability of environmental conditions and affects the product performance. The objectives of this work were to identify the time of fluazifop-p-butyl (fluazifop) application which gives best grass weed control in the common bean crop and to elucidate the environmental variables most important for the efficacy of this herbicide. Field experiments were conducted involving five application times (2 a.m., 6 a.m., 11 a.m., 4 p.m. and 9 p.m.) and five doses of fluazifop (80, 110, 140, 170 and 200 g ha-1), with additional no-herbicide control. At the time of the herbicide application it was determined the air temperature, relative humidity, the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the leaf angle, whereas the weed control and the dry mass of the weed Urochloa plantaginea was assessed at 20 days after treatment (DAT). Efficacy on grass control with fluazifop was dependent on the herbicide dose and on the time of day that the product was applied. Spray at early morning hours (6 a.m.) showed better efficacy on weed control in relation to periods during warmer conditions of the day (11 a.m. and 4 p.m.). Nocturnal fluazifop application had better weed control when compared to herbicide sprayed in the afternoon. The air temperature, relative humidity and PAR were correlated to weed leaf angle, which correlated the most with fluazifop performance.

The Effect of Trifluralin Applied Preplant on Grass Weed Control and Establishment and Yield of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Scursoni ◽  
Emilio H. Satorre
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Crop Planting ◽  
Grass Weed

The objective of this paper was to evaluate the effect of preplant applications of trifluralin on barley stand and yield, and control of grass weeds in field experiments during 1992 and 1993. Factors examined were: (1) crop planting patterns (conventional drill with rows 15 cm apart and deep-seeder drill with rows 25 cm apart), (2) herbicide application times (22 d before sowing and immediately before sowing), and (3) herbicide application. During 1993, hand-weeded plots also were established. Trifluralin applied preplant at 528 g ai/ha reduced weed density and biomass. Weed control was higher under conventional planting than under the deep planting pattern, and there was no effect of the time of application on herbicide efficacy. There was no herbicide injury to the crop, and grain yield was higher in treated than in untreated plots due to successful weed control.

scholarly journals Influence of meteorological parameters on wheat yield under different sowing conditions

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
ANANTA VASHISTH ◽  
DEBASISH ROY ◽  
AVINASH GOYAL ◽  
P. KRISHNAN
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth Stages

Field experiments were conducted on the research farm of IARI, New Delhi during Rabi 2016-17 and 2017-18. Three varieties of wheat (PBW-723, HD-2967 and HD-3086) were sown on three different dates for generating different weather condition during various phenological stages of crop. Results showed that during early crop growth stages soil moisture had higher value and soil temperature had lower value and with progress of crop growth stage, the moisture in the upper layer decreased and soil temperature increased significantly as compared to the bottom layers. During tillering and jointing stage, air temperature within canopy was more and relative humidity was less while during flowering and grain filling stage, air temperature within canopy was less and relative humidity was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop. Radiation use efficiency and relative leaf water content had significantly higher value while leaf water potential had lower value in timely sown crop followed by late and very late sown crop. Yield had higher value in HD-3086 followed by HD-2967 and PBW-723 in all weather conditions. Canopy air temperature difference had positive value in very late sown crop particularly during flowering and grain-filling stages. This reflects in the yield. Yield was more in timely sown crop as compared to late and very late sown crop.  

scholarly journals Co-inoculation of rhizobia, azospirilla and cyanobacteria for increasing common bean production

2020 ◽  
pp. 2015-2028
Author(s):  
Eduardo Hélder Horácio ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Freddy Zambrano Gavilanes ◽  
João Sarkis Yunes ◽  
Alisson Wilson dos Santos Sanzovo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Anabaena Cylindrica ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

The combined inoculation of Rhizobium (R. tropici+R. freirei), Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica, a diazotrophic cyanobacterium, is a technology that has not yet been tested and established in the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The inoculation may be a promising strategy for increasing crop productivity by combining the benefits of biological nitrogen fixation with the production of plant growth phytohormones. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the co-inoculation of Rhizobium, Azospirillum brasilense, and Anabaena cylindrica as an alternative method for optimizing the symbiotic performance and development of the common bean at greenhouse conditions. The treatments were as follows: (T1) control without N and inoculation, (T2) N addition (100 kg N ha-1), (T3) Riz (addition of R. tropici+R. freirei), (T4) Azo (Azospirillum brasilense addition), (T5) Ana (Anabaena cylindrical addition), (T6) Riz+Azo, (T7) Riz+Ana, (T8) Azo+Ana, (T9) Riz+Azo+Ana. We used a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The co-inoculation of Riz+Azo+Ana promoted plant height, root length and volume, shoot dry matter, accumulated shoot N, number and dry matter of nodules at flowering, number of grains per pod, hundred seed weight, and grain production of the common bean, contributing to increased yield per plant. We observed an increase in common bean grain yield ranging from 62 to 84% after double and triple co-inoculation of rhizobia with azospirilla and/or cyanobacteria, with the highest yield observed in the plants inoculated with Riz+Azo+Ana (84%), similar to those observed in plants after N addition. However, field experiments are necessary to elucidate the performances of the inoculated beneficial microorganisms.

Competitive Abilities of Six Corn (Zea maysL.) Hybrids with Four Weed Control Practices

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Tyron Ford ◽  
Jane Mt. Pleasant
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Corn Plant ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Characteristics

Six corn hybrids were studied in field experiments in 1989 and 1990 to identify hybrids and corn plant characteristics that may be valuable in systems using reduced levels of weed control. Four weed control treatments (no-control, cultivation-only, band herbicide-plus-cultivation, and broadcast herbicide) represented main plots and maize hybrids were subplots. Medium-season hybrids with differences in height, early-season vigor, and leafiness were used. There were significant differences among hybrids in leaf angle, leaf width, leaf number, plant height, leaf area index (LAI), plant dry matter (DM) and grain and stover yields. Lower yielding hybrids had grain yields that ranged from 87 to 91% of the highest yielding hybrid. Aboveground corn characteristics were not correlated with weed numbers, weed cover, or weed biomass. A significant interaction between hybrid and weed control for grain yields was observed in 1989, suggesting that some hybrids are more competitive when weed pressure is high.

scholarly journals Economically optimal water depth and grain yield of common bean subjected to different irrigation depths

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 482-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaiane G. da Conceição ◽  
Adroaldo D. Robaina ◽  
Marcia X. Peiter ◽  
Ana R. C. Parizi ◽  
João A. da Conceição ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Common ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Bean Crop

ABSTRACT Common bean crop plays an important role in the world, not only in economic aspects but also in social development. The objective of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and the economically optimal water depth which reflects the maximum technical efficiency of the common bean crop. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in Alegrete - RS, from February to May 2016. A completely randomized design was used, consisting of five water replacement treatments (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and four replicates. Based on the obtained results, both water deficit and water excess directly affected the final grain yield of the crop. Maximum grain yield was 3,554.1 kg ha-1, obtained by applying 492.72 mm (100% ETc). On the other hand, the economically optimal water depth was estimated at 91.2% ETc, indicating that water depths above this value are not suitable for maximum technical efficiency in the common bean crop under these conditions. It was concluded that the water depth equivalent to 100% ETc maximizes grain yield for the region of Alegrete-RS, and irrigation is considered a solution in the water supply to the common bean crop during critical periods.

Time of Day Impacts Postemergence Weed Control in Corn

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Stewart ◽  
Robert E. Nurse ◽  
Peter H. Sikkema
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Reducing Costs ◽  
Species Specific

Field trials were conducted from 2005 to 2007 at two locations in southwestern Ontario to investigate how weed control in corn was affected by the time of day that herbicides were applied. Weed control following the application of six POST herbicides (atrazine, bromoxynil, dicamba/diflufenzopyr, glyphosate, glufosinate, and nicosulfuron) at 06:00, 09:00, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00, 21:00, and 24:00 h was assessed. For many weed species herbicide efficacy was reduced when applications were made at 06:00, 21:00, and 24:00 h. Velvetleaf was the most sensitive to the time of day effect, followed by common ragweed, common lambsquarters, and redroot pigweed. Annual grasses were not as sensitive to application timing; however, control of barnyardgrass and green foxtail was reduced in some environments at 06:00 h and after 21:00 h. Only in the most severe cases was the grain yield of corn reduced due to decreased weed control. Daily changes in air temperature, relative humidity, and light intensity that cause species-specific physiological changes may account for the variation in weed control throughout the day. The results of this research suggest that there is a strong species-specific influence of ambient air temperature, light intensity, and leaf orientation on the efficacy of POST herbicides. These results should aid growers in applying herbicides when they are most efficacious, thus reducing costs associated with reduced efficacy.

scholarly journals Response of the common bean to liquid fertilizer and Rhizobium tropici inoculation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2967-2976
Author(s):  
José Geraldo da Silva ◽  
◽  
Enderson Petrônio de Brito Ferreira ◽  
Virgínia Damin ◽  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rhizobium Tropici ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
The Common ◽  
Application Depth ◽  
Liquid Fertilization

The common bean production system is majorly based on the use of granular fertilizers to provide nutrients for the crop. Studies on the use of liquid fertilization at an appropriated depth and, seed inoculation with Rhizobium tropici can provide significant increases in the grain yield of the common bean. The objective of this study was to determine the growth and productivity of common bean as affected by N-P formulations, application depths and the inoculation with R. tropici. Field experiments were carried out in 2015 and 2016 cropping years using a complete block design, in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement, with four replicates. The treatments involved the combination of N-P formulation (granular and liquid), two application depths of the N-P formulation (6 and 12 cm) and with or without rhizobia inoculant. The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and grain yield (GY) were determined. The granular and liquid N-P formulations provided similar results for PD, NP, NG, and GY of common bean. Similarly, the application depth of the N-P formulations did not affect GY. Inoculation of the seed with R. tropici stimulated NP and NG, increasing GY. Growth and productivity parameters were equally affected by the type of formulation and application depth; however, GY was greater with rhizobial inoculant. Thus, the liquid N-P formulation, applied at 6 cm depth, associated with rhizobial inoculant can improve the crop management providing better control of application uniformity, minimal soil mobilization, less fuel consumption, and increased grain yield.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Efficacy on Velvetleaf Varies with Application Time of Day

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron L. Waltz ◽  
Alex R. Martin ◽  
Fred W. Roeth ◽  
John L. Lindquist
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Orientation Growth

Field and growth chamber experiments determined the efficacy of temporal glyphosate applications on velvetleaf. Glyphosate was applied postemergence to velvetleaf periodically before and during light and after dark. In 1999, glyphosate at 840 g ae/ha applied before sunrise and after midday provided 54 and 100% velvetleaf control, respectively. In 2000, glyphosate at 840 g/ha applied before sunrise, midday, and after sunset provided 69, 100, and 37% velvetleaf control, respectively. In the growth chamber, glyphosate at 840 g/ha applied before or after light reduced velvetleaf biomass 15 to 20% or 32 to 47%, respectively, and reduced velvetleaf height 24% or 45 to 54%, respectively. Velvetleaf control was consistently greater with glyphosate applications during light compared with dark, regardless of constant air temperature and relative humidity (growth chamber), dew absence or presence (field and growth chamber), or leaf blade orientation (growth chamber) with natural light–dark movements or a fixed horizontal position.

scholarly journals COMMON BEAN YIELD AS AFFECTED BY IN FURROW FILLER LIMING AND NITROGEN TOPDRESSING1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-866
Author(s):  
JOSÉ GERALDO DA SILVA ◽  
ENDERSON PETRÔNIO DE BRITO FERREIRA ◽  
ADRIANO STEPHAN NASCENTE
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Common Bean Cultivar ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
The Common

ABSTRACT The use of filler liming in the sowing furrow can improve the chemical characteristics of the soil and, together with nitrogen fertilization, increase common bean yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of filler liming of the sowing furrow along with nitrogen topdressing fertilization on the yield of common bean, cultivar Pérola, irrigated by central pivot, in the Cerrado Region. The field experiments were conducted for three consecutive cropping years, in a randomized block design with four replications, in a 2x4 factorial scheme, consisting of two doses of nitrogen topdressing fertilization (zero and 60 kg ha-1 of N) and four doses of filler liming application in the sowing furrow (0, 200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 of CaCO3). The plant density (PD), number of pods (NP), number of grains (NG), mass of 100 grains (M100) and, grain yield (GY) were evaluated. The use of 60 kg ha-1 of N provided greater M100 and GY. The increase of the filler liming doses in the sowing furrow led to a reduction of the NP. The filler liming dose of 200 kg ha-1 provided higher values of NG and M100, and when combined with the nitrogen topdressing fertilization, improved the GY of the common bean.

Economic Yield Response of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) to Postemergence Herbicides

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Prickly Sida ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

Field experiments were conducted in 1988 and 1989 to evaluate timing of POST herbicide application in peanut for annual broadleaf weed control, peanut yield, and net returns. Bentazon tank-mixtures with either acifluorfen or paraquat controlled common lambsquarters, prickly sida, and morningglory species equally when applied either at ground-cracking (GC) or 2 wk after ground-cracking (2WGC). Paraquat controlled common lambsquarters least (32 to 33%). Bentazon plus acifluorfen plus BCH 81508S controlled 82% common lambsquarters at 2WGC compared with 66% control from bentazon plus acifluorfen plus a crop oil concentrate. Lactofen controlled 86% common lambsquarters when applied at GC compared to 34% at 2WGC. All applications applied at 4 wk after GC (4WGC) controlled essentially no annual broadleaf weeds. Higher yields and net returns were generally obtained with earlier herbicide applications. Bentazon tank-mixtures with acifluorfen provided equivalent peanut yields and net returns for GC and 2WGC applications.

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