Measurements and weights of eggs of the Canada goose, Branta canadensis, analyzed and compared with those of other species

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. H. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Branta Canadensis Interior ◽  
The Mean

The length and breadth of 334 eggs (82 clutches) of Branta canadensis interior were measured and 125 eggs (30 clutches) were weighed. Published and unpublished data for eggs of Branta canadensis maxima, hutchinsi, moffitti, and minima were also used and comparisons made with published data on 31 other species from seven ordersMeasurements of full clutches rather than of one egg per clutch proved advantageous. The means for length (L) and breadth (B) were 83.87 ± 0.366 mm and 56.60 ± 0.126 mm; those for the indices of volume (LB2), shape (100B/L), and density (100W/LB2), 268.98 ± 1.897 cm3, 67.34 ± 0.248, and 55.21 ± 0.190; that for weight (W), an estimated 1.5 days after the commencement of incubation, 150.02 ± 1.718. The clutch variances were significant and accounted for about half the total variance. The lightest egg weighed 68% of the heaviest and the coefficients of variation varied from 2.48 (breadth) to 7.17 (weight). The last eggs were significantly lighter and smaller than earlier eggs, owing to their lesser breadth. Correlations between egg size and clutch size were not constant. Correlations between length and breadth were generally positive, those between volume and shape generally negative. The mean true density of the eggs was estimated to be 1.085, the mean true volume 137.74 cm3, the mean fresh weight 150.95 g, and the mean of the factor k for the correction of the ellipsoidal volume, 0.9780. All differences between the five races for length, breadth, and volume were significant. Joint non-overlaps varied from 64 to 100%.

Genetic, maternal, and tank determinants of growth in hatchery-reared juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. E. de March
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
Factorial Mating ◽  
Unique Distribution ◽  
The Mean

The relative importance of genetic, maternal, and tank effects on the growth of juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) was examined in an incomplete factorial mating design (4 dams × 4 sires) with stock from the Fraser River, Labrador, Canada. Egg size and hatching success were related only to dams. Mean weights at 30, 75, and 125 days after swim-up, logistic growth curve parameters describing the change in the mean weight, and a measure of condition, all described within families, were significantly related to both dams and sires and were also correlated with each other. The early patterns of significant differences due to dams and sires changed after approximately 125 days. After this time the mean weights in tanks, although still increasing, became negatively correlated with their coefficients of variation (CV), which had changed only slightly with time. The magnitude of the CVs could not be attributed to specific parents. The changed patterns of differences in the means with time suggested that either (i) the social climate within tanks, measured as the CV, affected the growth of all fish even though they were neither crowded nor underfed, or (ii) an individual's ability to grow was dependent not only on its phenotype (initial weight) but also on its genotype, expressed only in data from sibs. These laboratory results may relate to unique distribution and fitness characteristics of natural Arctic charr populations.

Fecundity, egg size and the influence of rainfall in an isolated population of malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata)

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 639 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Priddel ◽  
Robert Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
New South ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean

An isolated population of malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata) at Yalgogrin in New South Wales, Australia, was studied intensively between 1986–87 and 1998–99. During this period the population produced 124 clutches, comprising a total of 1705 eggs. The number of clutches per annum varied between 5 and 15. Eggs were laid between mid-August and mid-February, with 90% laid between the last week of September and the first week of January. The mean date of laying of the first egg of each clutch (±s.d.) was 21 September ± 13 days and the mean date of the last egg was 23 December ± 19 days. The mean duration of egg laying varied significantly between years (range 70–117 days) and was negatively correlated with the daily maximum ambient temperature in December. Cool temperatures and rain in early summer prolonged the laying season. The mean interval between laying was 6.4 ± 1.1 days (range 3–12 days), with eggs laid at a faster rate during the first half of the laying period. Overall, mean clutch size was 14.1 ± 5.8 (range 1–28). Large clutches were the result of an extended period of laying rather than an increase in the rate of laying. Mean clutch size was greatest when laying extended into mid-February. The best predictor of clutch size was rainfall between May and December – the interval spanning both nest construction and egg laying. The mean volume of all measured eggs (n = 1362) was 162.1 ± 9.0 mL (range 99–200 mL). Egg volume varied during the laying period, with those eggs laid early or late in the breeding season being smaller. Eggs at Yalgogrin were, on average, 10.5% smaller than those recorded at nearby Pulletop.

scholarly journals Nesting Biology of Lesser Canada Geese, Branta canadensis parvipes, along the Tanana River, Alaska

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Craig R. Ely ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Roger W. Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Nest Initiation

Lesser Canada Geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) are widespread throughout interior regions of Alaska and Canada, yet there have been no published studies documenting basic aspects of their nesting biology. We conducted a study to determine reproductive parameters of Lesser Canada Geese nesting along the Tanana River near the city of Fairbanks, in interior Alaska. Fieldwork was conducted in May of 2003, and consisted of locating nests along the riparian corridor between Fairbanks and Northpole, Alaska. Nests were found on gravel islands and shore habitats along the Tanana River, and were most commonly observed among driftwood logs associated with patches of alder (Alnus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.). Peak of nest initiation was 3-8 May, with a range from 27 April to 20 May; renesting was likely. Clutches ranged in size from 2 to 7 eggs and averaged 4.6 eggs. There was a negative correlation between clutch size and date of nest initiation. Egg size (mean mass = 128 g) was similar to other medium-sized Canada Geese. A positive correlation between egg size and clutch size was likely related to female age. Nineteen of 28 nests (68%) were active when visited; nests located on islands with nesting Mew Gulls (Larus canus) were more likely to be active than nests located elsewhere. Evidence at nest sites implicated Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as nest predators.

An Assessment of Sampling Methods and Microbiological Hygiene Indicators for Process Verification in Poultry Slaughterhouses

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. HUTCHISON ◽  
L. D. WALTERS ◽  
G. C. MEAD ◽  
M. HOWELL ◽  
V. M. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Process Verification ◽  
Bacterial Indicator ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Poor Relationship

Studies to determine the appropriateness of the use of populations of indicator bacteria on poultry carcasses for process verification were undertaken in commercial slaughterhouses. Samples were collected from neck skin by excision or from whole carcass rinses and were examined for a range of presumptive process hygiene indicator bacteria. Coefficients of variation were calculated for each bacterial indicator and were significantly lower in excised samples, indicating more reproducible bacterial recovery by this sampling method. Total viable counts of aerobic bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas in samples collected by excision had the lowest coefficients of variation when compared with other indicators and were therefore used for further study. The uncertainties associated with the quantification of each bacterial indicator were calculated and were lowest overall for total viable counts of aerobic bacteria. In general, uncertainty was higher for lower bacterial numbers. Results of microbiological testing on pooled excised neck skin samples were not significantly different from the mean of individually analyzed samples. Bacterial numbers increased by 1 log unit when cultures were stored under chilled conditions typical of those used for transporting samples to external laboratories, but the increases were not significant for Pseudomonas and aerobic bacteria when storage time was less than 17 h. Weak relationships were identified between bacterial indicator numbers and duration of processing, although cleanliness of the processing environment diminished visibly during this time. In the plants visited for this study, there was a poor relationship between presumptive bacterial indicator numbers and process hygiene. Consequently, bacterial analyses for process verification purposes may be of limited value.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli Strains FP2 and FP3, Isolated from the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison L. Denny ◽  
Susan E. Arruda
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Content Type

Draft genomes of two strains of Escherichia coli, FP2 and FP3, isolated from the feces of the Canada goose (Branta canadensis), were sequenced. Genome sizes were 5.26 Mb with a predicted G+C content of 50.54% (FP2) and 5.07 Mb with a predicted G+C content of 50.41% (FP3).

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