Morphological changes in a marine population of threespined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, recently isolated in fresh water

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1251-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Klepaker
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Isolated Population ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
High Summer Temperature ◽  
Compact Body

A marine population of Gasterosteus aculeatus recently isolated in fresh water was found in Bergen, western Norway. This discovery offered the opportunity to study early changes in a population isolated in an environment quite different from what it previously experienced. The population was sampled in 1982, 1987, and 1991. Variation of plate morph frequencies was studied, and a prediction model for the change in frequencies is proposed. An increasing frequency of specimens with four dorsal spines is observed. This may be related to high summer temperature. Changes in morphology were recorded and compared with those in the marine population from which the isolated population originated. Discriminant analysis was used to reveal differentiation in morphometric characters. The main morphometric change recorded was that the isolated population had developed a more compact body, which is probably an adaptation to a less active, more benthic way of living.

scholarly journals Diversity and sexual dimorphism in the head lateral line system in North Sea populations of threespine sticklebacks, Gasterosteus aculeatus (Teleostei: Gasterosteidae)

Zoomorphology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Ahnelt ◽  
David Ramler ◽  
Maria Ø. Madsen ◽  
Lasse F. Jensen ◽  
Sonja Windhager
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Lateral Line ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Threespine Stickleback ◽  
Lateral Line System ◽  
Line System ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks

AbstractThe mechanosensory lateral line of fishes is a flow sensing system and supports a number of behaviors, e.g. prey detection, schooling or position holding in water currents. Differences in the neuromast pattern of this sensory system reflect adaptation to divergent ecological constraints. The threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, is known for its ecological plasticity resulting in three major ecotypes, a marine type, a migrating anadromous type and a resident freshwater type. We provide the first comparative study of the pattern of the head lateral line system of North Sea populations representing these three ecotypes including a brackish spawning population. We found no distinct difference in the pattern of the head lateral line system between the three ecotypes but significant differences in neuromast numbers. The anadromous and the brackish populations had distinctly less neuromasts than their freshwater and marine conspecifics. This difference in neuromast number between marine and anadromous threespine stickleback points to differences in swimming behavior. We also found sexual dimorphism in neuromast number with males having more neuromasts than females in the anadromous, brackish and the freshwater populations. But no such dimorphism occurred in the marine population. Our results suggest that the head lateral line of the three ecotypes is under divergent hydrodynamic constraints. Additionally, sexual dimorphism points to divergent niche partitioning of males and females in the anadromous and freshwater but not in the marine populations. Our findings imply careful sampling as an important prerequisite to discern especially between anadromous and marine threespine sticklebacks.

scholarly journals Major postglacial summer temperature changes in the central coniferous boreal forest of Quebec (Canada) inferred using chironomid assemblages

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bajolle ◽  
Isabelle Larocque-Tobler ◽  
Emmanuel Gandouin ◽  
Martin Lavoie ◽  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Chironomid Assemblages ◽  
Coniferous Boreal Forest

Late-Quaternary summer temperature changes in the northern-European tree-line region

2008 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 404-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heikki Seppä ◽  
Glen M. MacDonald ◽  
H. John B. Birks ◽  
Bruce R. Gervais ◽  
Jeffrey A. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Younger Dryas ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Fossil Pollen ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Line Region

We present two new quantitative July mean temperature (Tjul) reconstructions from the Arctic tree-line region in the Kola Peninsula in north-western Russia. The reconstructions are based on fossil pollen records and cover the Younger Dryas stadial and the Holocene. The inferred temperatures are less reliable during the Younger Dryas because of the poorer fit between the fossil pollen samples and the modern samples in the calibration set than during the Holocene. The results suggest that the Younger Dryas Tjulin the region was 8.0–10.0°C, being 2.0–3.0°C lower than at present. The Holocene summer temperature maximum dates to 7500–6500 cal yr BP, with Tjulabout 1.5°C higher than at present. These new records contribute to our understanding of summer temperature changes along the northern-European tree-line region. The Holocene trends are consistent in most of the independent records from the Fennoscandian–Kola tree-line region, with the beginning of the Holocene thermal maximum no sooner than at about 8000 cal yr BP. In the few existing temperature-related records farther east in the Russian Arctic tree line, the period of highest summer temperature begins already at about 10,000 cal yr BP. This difference may reflect the strong influence of the Atlantic coastal current on the atmospheric circulation pattern and the thermal behaviour of the tree-line region on the Atlantic seaboard, and the more direct influence of the summer solar insolation on summer temperature in the region east of the Kola Peninsula.

Foraging Behaviour and Memory Window in Sticklebacks

Behaviour ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (15-16) ◽  
pp. 1241-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.N. Hughes ◽  
P.A. Mackney
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Memory Window ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Spinachia Spinachia ◽  
The Stability

AbstractIndividuals were collected from a residential marine population of Spinachia spinachia, an anadromous population of Gasterosteus aculeatus forma trachura and a residential freshwater population of G. aculeatus forma leiura. After maintenance for 2 months on a diet of mysid, individuals were subjected to ten, consecutive daily trials on a diet of amphipods or oligochaetes. During this period, individuals learned to handle the prey more effectively, as measured by attack efficiency, handling efficiency and handling time. Learning was similar among populations but differed between diets, being more pronounced for amphipods, which are more difficult to catch and handle than oligochaetes. Once trained to these diets, fish were tested for foraging efficiency after successively longer periods of stimulus deprivation, when they were fed a maintenance diet of mysid. All three measures of foraging efficiency with the amphipod diet, but only that based on handling time with the oligochacte diet, declined to naive levels in the residential marine and anadromous populations. No decrease in foraging efficiency with either diet occurred in the residential freshwater population. Memory window was 8 d, 10 d and > 25 d in the residential marine, anadromous and residential freshwater populations respectively. The large difference between the freshwater and two marine populations is interpreted as an adaptive response to the stability of arrays of prey, characteristic of their respective habitats.

Evolutionary history of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus spp.) in British Columbia: insights from a physiological clock

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2154-2158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rees Kassen ◽  
Dolph Schluter ◽  
John Donald McPhail
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Freshwater Invasion ◽  
Freshwater Population ◽  
Threespine Sticklebacks ◽  
History Of

Geologic and allozyme evidence suggests that threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus complex) in low-lying southwestern British Columbia lakes were founded during two incursions of marine sticklebacks after the retreat of the Pleistocene glaciers (the double-invasion hypothesis). We used the salinity tolerance of embryos, measured as hatchability in salt water, to establish the relative order of freshwater invasion by marine sticklebacks and to test the double-invasion hypothesis. Limnetics and an anadromous population hatched nearly equivalent numbers of young in salt water as in fresh water, whereas benthics and one solitary freshwater population had low hatchability in salt water. We also found that eggs from freshwater populations were larger than those from marine populations and limnetics had smaller eggs than benthics and the solitary population. These results support the double-invasion hypothesis and suggest a trend of increasing egg size with increasing time spent in fresh water.

Rapid summer temperature changes during Termination 1a: high-resolution multi-proxy climate reconstructions from Gerzensee (Switzerland)

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
André F. Lotter ◽  
Oliver Heiri ◽  
Stephen Brooks ◽  
Jacqueline F.N. van Leeuwen ◽  
Ulrich Eicher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Summer Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Climate Reconstructions

scholarly journals Behavioral and morphological changes in fresh water fish, Channa punctatus under the exposure of Cadmium

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Neha Singh ◽  
Beenam Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Chloride ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Water Fish

Heavy metal contamination in fresh water bodies is of great concern owing to their toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation. The current study deals with the acute toxicity of cadmium to fresh water fish, Channa punctatus. The objective of this study was to grasp the link between mortality and abnormal behavioral and morphological changes of C. punctatus exposed to cadmium chloride. Static bioassay tests were carried out to evaluate LC50 value of Cadmium (Cd) for fresh water fish, C. punctatus as well as the behavioral responses and morphological changes were also observed. Fish after treatment with various concentrations of cadmium chloride for different exposure period the percent mortality was recorded. The lowest cadmium chloride concentration at which mortality was observed as 45 mg/l. The first death of experimental fish was recorded as 125 mg/l at 24 hrs. of exposure. After 96 hrs. LC50 value of cadmium (Cd) was found to be 80.62mg/l. The major behavioral responses observed during the experiment were restlessness, jumping, erratic swimming, gulping of air at the surface, loss of equilibrium, sluggishness,opercular movements and fishes lied on the water surface before death and morphological changes like, discoloration of skin, pigmented patches on body, shedding of scales, sedimentation of chemical on body, mucous secretion, and ballooning were observed in exposed animals. The observed data showed that C.punctatus can be used as a good bio-indicator for heavy metal contamination in fresh water bodies.

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