A review of the basic elements of electricity and magnetism is presented with an introduction to Maxwell’s equations for steady-state in a vacuum. The modifications to these equations necessary to account for time varying sources are shown to produce to a causal unification of magnetic and electric fields. The application of Maxwell’s equations in the presence of matter leads to the concepts of electric and magnetic polarization of matter. Electromagnetic radiation arises directly from Maxwell’s time-dependent equations and the basic response of materials to this radiation is discussed. Finally, electromagnetic conservation laws are derived, including electromagnetic energy and linear and angular momentum.
“Electromagnetic energy” takes a hard look at the reasoning by which energy density and energy flow (Poynting vector) are deduced from Maxwell's equations. What can be proved and what, lacking proof, can be usefully said? It is argued that the conventional division of energy into density and flow is unproven but does not mislead. Picture of a pillbox.
The presented simulated data compares concentration gradients and electric fields with experimental and numerical data of others. This data is simulated for cases involving liquid junctions and electrolytic transport. The objective of presenting this data is to support a model and theory. This theory demonstrates the incompatibility between conventional electrostatics inherent in Maxwell's equations with conventional transport equations. <br>
Maxwell's equations in Minkowski's world: their premetric generalization and the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor