Candida species isolated from human infections from Tunisian and Portuguese patients: Molecular identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility assessment

Background: Candidemia is the most common systemic infection in hospitalized patients causing high mortality. Hence, the diagnosis of this infection in the early stage with appropriate antifungal therapy is paramount. Objectives: The study aimed at molecular identification of Candida species isolated from candidemia patients and evaluation of the in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of these strains to fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin. Methods: In the present study, 800 hospitalized patients who were suspected to have candidemia were sampled. Candida species were isolated and identified based on morphological characteristics and PCR-sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region. Antifungal susceptibility tests for fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin were performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute protocol M27-A3. Also, clinical data were recorded from the patients' records. Results: Twenty-seven patients among the sample of hospitalized patients were found to have candidemia. A total of 33.3% of candidemia patients were treated with amphotericin B, in which case the mortality rate was 14.8%. The majority of patients (59%) were from the neonatal intensive care unit, and premature birth was the most common underlying condition. Candida albicans (n = 18; 66.6%) was the most common species isolated from blood cultures, followed by C. parapsilosis (n = 7; 25.9%), C. pelliculosa (n = 1; 3.7%), and C. tropicalis (n = 1; 3.7%). Only one C. albicans isolate resistant to fluconazole (minimum inhibitory concentration = 32 µg/mL). Conclusions: Generally, C. albicans has been the most frequent causative agent of candidemia. Resistance to antifungal drugs among candidemia agents was rare. Also, the identification of Candida isolates at the species level with in vitro antifungal susceptibility tests helps manage candidemia patients better and decrease the mortality rate among them.

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Molecular Identification and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Aspergillus Isolates Recovered from Otomycosis Patients in Western China

Mycopathologia ◽

10.1007/s11046-020-00448-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (3) ◽

pp. 527-535

Author(s):

LiLi Zhang ◽

Xiaodong Wang ◽

Jos Houbraken ◽

Huan Mei ◽

Wanqing Liao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Western China ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

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Molecular identification and in vitro antifungal susceptibility ofScedosporiumcomplex isolates from high-human-activity sites in Mexico

Mycologia ◽

10.1080/00275514.2017.1416260 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 109 (6) ◽

pp. 874-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mariana Elizondo-Zertuche ◽

Rogelio de J. Treviño-Rangel ◽

Efrén Robledo-Leal ◽

Carolina E. Luna-Rodríguez ◽

Margarita L. Martínez-Fierro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Activity ◽

Molecular Identification ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

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Antifungal Susceptibility In Vitro Determined by the Etest(r) for Candida Obtained from the Oral Cavity of Irradiated and Elderly Individuals

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300115 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 99-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edimilson Martins de Freitas ◽

Larissa Cavalcanti Monteiro ◽

Michelle Bonfim da Silva Fernandes ◽

Hercílio Martelli Junior ◽

Paulo Rogério Ferreti Bonan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Candida Species ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Culture Collection ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Group 2 ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Mic Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Dose Dependent

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of Candida species of head-and-neck-irradiated patients (Group 1), non-institutionalized (Group 2) and institutionalized elders (Group 3) using Etest(r) methodology. Candida was isolated from saliva and presumptively identified by CHROMagar Candida(r), confirmed by morphological criteria, carbohydrate assimilation (API 20C AUX(r)) and genetic typing (OPE 18). The collection was made from 29, 34 and 29 individuals (Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) with 67 isolates. Etest(r) strips (ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and flucytosine) on RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) agar, on duplicate, were used to evaluate susceptibility. ATTC (American Type Culture Collection) 10231 (Candida albicans) was used as quality control. Among the 67 isolates of Candida species, most were susceptible to azoles, flucytosine and amphotericin B. None of the isolates showed resistance and dose-dependent susceptibility to amphotericin B. There were nine strains resistant to itraconazole, six to fluconazole and two to ketoconazole and ten dose-dependent, mainly to flucytocine. The highest MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) to C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis was 2.671 μg.mL-1, 8.104 μg.mL-1, 4.429 μg.mL-1, all for flucytosine. C. krusei and C. glabrata were associated with higher MIC for azoles and C. glabrata with higher MIC to flucytosine. In summary, susceptibility to all tested antifungal agents was evident. The isolates were more resistant to itraconazole and dose-dependent to flucytosine. A comparison of C. albicans in the three groups showed no outliers. Higher MIC was associated with C. krusei and C. glabrata.

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Veronaea botryosa: Molecular Identification with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and In vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

Mycopathologia ◽

10.1007/s11046-013-9631-6 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 175 (5-6) ◽

pp. 505-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Hamid Badali ◽

Seyed Amir Yazdanparast ◽

Alexandro Bonifaz ◽

Bita Mousavi ◽

G. Sybren de Hoog ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Identification ◽

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility

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Unusual dermatomycoses caused by Nannizzia nana: the geophilic origin of human infections

Infection ◽

10.1007/s15010-020-01416-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 429-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sebastian Gnat ◽

Dominik Łagowski ◽

Aneta Nowakiewicz ◽

Mariusz Dyląg

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Etiological Factor ◽

Susceptibility Tests ◽

In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Human Infections

Abstract Background Fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails are the largest and most widespread group of all mycoses. Nannizzia nana is a relatively rare etiological factor of dermatomycosis in humans, as it usually affects animals, e.g. pigs and boars. In addition to the zoophilic nature, there are also reports of the geophilic reservoir of this dermatophyte species. Objective In this study, we present symptomatic infections with N. nana aetiology in humans reported recently in Poland. Interestingly, these cases had a non-specific clinical picture and occurred as skin lesions on the neck and foot as well as onychomycosis of the toenails. From the medical history, the patients had no contact with pigs. Methods Diagnostics of these infections was performed with a combination of classical phenotypic and molecular genomic methods. The genomic diversity of the isolates was determined using the MP-PCR method. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests against itraconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine and naftifine hydrochloride were also performed. Results Nannizzia nana has been identified as an etiological factor of dermatomycosis. Moreover, heterogeneity of the genomes was revealed for the obtained strains. In vitro activities of antifungal agents showed that isolates were susceptible to all tested drugs. The patients were treated with oral terbinafine and topical ketoconazole cream, which led to a complete recovery. Conclusions In conclusion, the cases studied by us may indicate that the infrequency of N. nana infections may not necessarily be related to the low infectivity of this fungal agent, but they are rather associated with misdiagnosis. Furthermore, N. nana reservoirs should also be sought in soil.

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