SOLITON SOLUTIONS IN AN O(3) σ MODEL AND THE FERMION LOCALIZATION ON THE TOPOLOGICAL DEFECTS

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (08n09) ◽  
pp. 1497-1500
Author(s):  
YUTA KODAMA ◽  
KENTO KOKUBU ◽  
NOBUYUKI SAWADO ◽  
KOUICHI TODA
Keyword(s):  
Zero Mode ◽  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Localization Problem ◽  
Localized Modes ◽  
Level Crossing ◽  
Fermion Localization

We investigate a fermionic O(3) σ model in 2+1 dimensions, taking into account the valence and the Casimir energies. The model exhibits the soliton solutions with various winding numbers. Lagrangian, which we used above, is extended into 6 dimensional brane world scenario and the fermion localization problem. In terms of the level crossing picture, emergence of the massive localized modes as well as the zero mode are found.

scholarly journals SOLITONIC BRANE WORLD WITH COMPLETELY LOCALIZED (SUPER)GRAVITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 3603-3631 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERTO IGLESIAS ◽  
ZURAB KAKUSHADZE
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Gauge Theories ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Smooth Domain ◽  
Einstein Manifolds ◽  
Brane Solution ◽  
Kaluza Klein ◽  
Classical Background

We construct a solitonic three-brane solution in the five-dimensional Einstein–Hilbert–Gauss–Bonnet theory. This solitonic brane is δ-function-like, and has the property that gravity is completely localized on the brane. That is, there are no propagating degrees of freedom in the bulk, while on the brane we have purely four-dimensional Einstein gravity. Thus, albeit the classical background is five-dimensional, the quantum theory (perturbatively) is four-dimensional. Our solution can be embedded in the supergravity context, where we have completely localized supergravity on the corresponding solitonic brane, which is a BPS object preserving 1/2 of the original supersymmetries. By including a scalar field, we also construct a smooth domain wall solution, which in a certain limit reduces to the δ-function-like solitonic brane solution (this is possible for the latter breaks diffeomorphisms only spontaneously). We then show that in the smooth domain wall background the only normalizable mode is the four-dimensional graviton zero mode, while all the other (including massive Kaluza–Klein) modes are not even plane-wave normalizable. Finally, we observe that in compactifications of Type IIB on five-dimensional Einstein manifolds other than a five-sphere the corresponding dual gauge theories on D3-branes are not conformal in the ultraviolet, and at the quantum level we expect the Einstein–Hilbert term to be generated in their world volumes. We conjecture that in full string theory on Type IIB side this is due to higher curvature terms, which cannot be ignored in such backgrounds. A stronger version of this conjecture also states that (at least in some cases) in such backgrounds D3-branes are solitonic objects with completely localized (super)gravity in their world volumes.

scholarly journals WE PROBABLY LIVE ON AN INFLATING BRANE-WORLD

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 2809-2816
Author(s):  
ISHWAREE P. NEUPANE
Keyword(s):  
Zero Mode ◽  
De Sitter Space ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Conformal Field Theories ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Conformal Field ◽  
Sitter Spacetime ◽  
Acceleration Of The Universe ◽  
De Sitter Universe ◽  
The Universe

Brane-world models, where observers are trapped within the thickness of a 3-brane, offer novel perspectives on gravitation and cosmology. In this essay, it is argued that the problem of a late epoch acceleration of the universe is well explained in the framework of a 4-dimensional de Sitter universe embedded in a 5-dimensional de Sitter spacetime. While a 5-dimensional Anti-de Sitter space background is important for studying conformal field theories for its role in the AdS/CFT correspondence, the existence of a 5-dimensional de Sitter space is crucial for finding an effective 4-dimensional Newton constant that remains finite and a normalizable zero-mode graviton wave function.

scholarly journals Topological origin of quantum mechanical vacuum transitions and tunneling

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (24) ◽  
pp. 1550118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex E. Bernardini ◽  
Mariana Chinaglia
Keyword(s):  
Symmetry Breaking ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Topological Defects ◽  
Quantum Superposition ◽  
Unitary Evolution ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
State Formula ◽  
Tunneling Dynamics

The quantum transition between shifted zero-mode wave functions is shown to be induced by the systematic deformation of topological and non-topological defects that support the one-dimensional double-well (DW) potential tunneling dynamics. The topological profile of the zero-mode ground state, [Formula: see text], and the first excited state, [Formula: see text], of DW potentials are obtained through the analytical technique of topological defect deformation. Deformed defects create two inequivalent topological scenarios connected by a symmetry breaking that support the quantum conversion of a zero-mode stable vacuum into an unstable tachyonic quantum state. Our theoretical findings reveal the topological origin of two-level models where a nonstationary quantum state of unitary evolution, [Formula: see text], that exhibits a stable tunneling dynamics, is converted into a quantum superposition involving a self-vanishing tachyonic mode, [Formula: see text], that parametrizes a tunneling coherent destruction. The non-classical nature of the symmetry breaking dynamics is recreated in terms of the single particle quantum mechanics of one-dimensional DW potentials.

scholarly journals Localization of Massive and Massless Fermions on Two-Field Branes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Farokhtabar ◽  
Ali Tofighi
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Yukawa Coupling ◽  
Resonance Spectrum ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
World Model ◽  
Massive Fermion ◽  
Considerable Simplification ◽  
Massless Fermions ◽  
Fermion Localization

We study fermion localization and resonances on a special type of brane-world model supporting brane splitting. In such models one can construct multiwall branes which cause considerable simplification in the field equations. We use a polynomial superpotential to construct this brane. The suitable Yukawa coupling between the background scalar field and the localized fermion is determined. The massive fermion resonance spectrum is obtained. The number of resonances is increased for higher values of Yukawa coupling.

Fermion localization on branes with non-standard kinetic terms

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (40) ◽  
pp. 1850235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Moazzen Sorkhi ◽  
Esmaeil Mazani
Keyword(s):  
Scalar Field ◽  
Yukawa Coupling ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Scalar Fields ◽  
Coupling Constants ◽  
Warp Factor ◽  
Coupling Mechanism ◽  
Fermion Fields ◽  
Derivative Term ◽  
Fermion Localization

In this paper, by using the Yukawa coupling mechanism, we consider the fermion localization in two types of braneworld models driven by real scalar fields with non-standard dynamics. Because of the existing freedom in the form of the Yukawa coupling, we consider two coupling forms between the background scalar field and spinors where one is arising from the geometry shape of the warp factor and the other is a function of the background scalar field containing a derivative scalar-fermion coupling. With two coupling functions, it is shown that the massless zero mode of fermion fields is localized on both branes with generalized dynamic depending on the values of the coupling constants. However, there is no localized mode when the Yukawa coupling only contains a derivative term of the background scalar field. Furthermore, effects of the parameters of the models on the zero mode and fermion effective potential are addressed.

scholarly journals QUINTESSENCE AND BRANE WORLD SCENARIOS

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (34) ◽  
pp. 2187-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. MYUNG
Keyword(s):  
Domain Wall ◽  
Domain Walls ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Negative Potential ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Accelerating Universe ◽  
Negative Energy Density ◽  
Type Potential

We discuss the possibility of quintessence in the dilatonic domain walls including the Randall–Sundrum brane world. We obtain the zero mode effective action for gravitating objects in the dilatonic domain wall. First we consider the four-dimensional (4D) gravity and the Brans–Dicke graviscalar with a potential. This can be further rewritten as a minimally coupled scalar with the Liouville-type potential in the Einstein frame. However this model fails to induce the quintessence on the dilatonic domain wall because the potential is negative. Second we consider the 4D gravity with the dilaton. In this case we also find a negative potential. Any negative potential gives us negative energy density and positive pressure, which does not lead to an accelerating universe. Consequently it turns out that the zero mode approach of the dilatonic domain wall cannot accommodate the quintessence in cosmology.

scholarly journals Some problems with reproducing the Standard Model fields and interactions in five-dimensional warped brane world models

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 1650001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail N. Smolyakov ◽  
Igor P. Volobuev
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Zero Mode ◽  
Higgs Field ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Fermion Field ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Pathological Behavior

In this paper we examine, from the purely theoretical point of view and in a model-independent way, the case, when matter, gauge and Higgs fields are allowed to propagate in the bulk of five-dimensional brane world models with compact extra dimension, and the Standard Model fields and their interactions are supposed to be reproduced by the corresponding zero Kaluza–Klein modes. An unexpected result is that in order to avoid possible pathological behavior in the fermion sector, it is necessary to impose constraints on the fermion field Lagrangian. In the case when the fermion zero modes are supposed to be localized at one of the branes, these constraints imply an additional relation between the vacuum profile of the Higgs field and the form of the background metric. Moreover, this relation between the vacuum profile of the Higgs field and the form of the background metric results in the exact reproduction of the gauge boson and fermion sectors of the Standard Model by the corresponding zero mode four-dimensional effective theory in all the physically relevant cases, allowed by the absence of pathologies. Meanwhile, deviations from these conditions can lead either back to pathological behavior in the fermion sector or to a variance between the resulting zero mode four-dimensional effective theory and the Standard Model, which, depending on the model at hand, may, in principle, result in constraints putting the theory out of the reach of the present day experiments.

scholarly journals BPS ANALYSIS OF THE CHARGED SOLITON SOLUTIONS OF D-BRANE WORLD VOLUME THEORY FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF TARGET-SPACE SUPERSYMMETRY

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
TOSHIYA SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Target Space ◽  
Supersymmetry Algebra ◽  
World Volume

We investigate BPS properties of the charged soliton solutions of D-brane world volume theory, which is described by the supersymmetric Dirac–Born–Infeld action, by means of the N=2 target-space supersymmetry algebra. Our results agree with those obtained previously. We also extend our BPS analysis to the case where axion background exists.

On the Exact Soliton Solutions of Some Nonlinear PDE by Tan-Cot Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Md Monirul Islam ◽  
Muztuba Ahbab ◽  
Md Robiul Islam ◽  
Md Humayun Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Wave ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Water Waves ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Rectangular Channel ◽  
Soliton Solutions ◽  
Boussinesq Equations ◽  
Travelling Wave ◽  
Ion Acoustic Waves ◽  
Analytical System

For many solitary wave applications, various approximate models have been proposed. Certainly, the most famous solitary wave equations are the K-dV, BBM and Boussinesq equations. The K-dV equation was originally derived to describe shallow water waves in a rectangular channel. Surprisingly, the equation also models ion-acoustic waves and magneto-hydrodynamic waves in plasmas, waves in elastic rods, equatorial planetary waves, acoustic waves on a crystal lattice, and more. If we describe all of the above situation, we must be needed a solution function of their governing equations. The Tan-cot method is applied to obtain exact travelling wave solutions to the generalized Korteweg-de Vries (gK-dV) equation and generalized Benjamin-Bona- Mahony (BBM) equation which are important equations to evaluate wide variety of physical applications. In this paper we described the soliton behavior of gK-dV and BBM equations by analytical system especially using Tan-cot method and shown in graphically. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 5(1), Dec 2018 P 31-36

Design and Fabrication of Linear-shaped Zero Mode Waveguides for Single Molecule Observation of Kinesin and Fluorescent ATP

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Kazuya Fujimoto ◽  
Yuki Morita ◽  
Ryota Iino ◽  
Michio Tomishige ◽  
Hirofumi Shintaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Zero Mode
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