Hollow core photonic crystal fiber for chemicals sensing in liquid analytes: Design and analysis

In this paper, a hollow core photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based THz chemicals sensor has been presented. Hexagonal shaped hollow core and symmetrical hexagonal air lattices have been used in the cladding section to construct the PCF geometry. The developed PCF-based chemical sensor yields high performance in ethanol, methanol, water and benzene detection in targeted liquid samples in the THz regime, which is nearly 99% at 3 THz. Additionally, it reveals very negligible losses in both polarization modes. In addition, it renders significant improvement in different sensing properties like effective area, effective refractive index, numerical aperture (NA), nonlinear coefficient, spot size and beam divergences because of strategic geometrical arrangements. The performance of the proposed PCF sensor is numerically investigated and designed by COMSOL software v.5.3a. Fabrication feasibility of developed geometry is also stated here.

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Theoretical Considerations of Photonic Crystal Fiber with All Uniform-Sized Air Holes for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8070249 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 249

Author(s):

Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽

Pg Emeroylarffion Abas ◽

Pg Iskandar Petra ◽

Shubi Kaijage ◽

Nianyu Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Numerical Aperture ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Effective Area ◽

Confinement Loss ◽

Crystal Fiber ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Liquid Sensing

A novel liquid-infiltrated photonic crystal fiber model applicable in liquid sensing for different test liquids—water, ethanol and benzene—has been proposed. One core hole and three air hole rings have been designed and a full vector finite element method has been used for numerical investigation to give the best results in terms of relative sensitivity, confinement loss, power fraction, dispersion, effective area, nonlinear coefficient, numerical aperture and V-Parameter. Specially, the assessed relative sensitivities of the proposed fiber with water, ethanol and benzene are 94.26%, 95.82% and 99.58%, respectively, and low confinement losses of 1.52 × 10−11 dB/m with water, 1.21 × 10−12 dB/m with ethanol and 6.01 × 10−16 dB/m with benzene, at 1.0 μm operating wavelength. This novel PCF design is considered simple and can be easily fabricated for practical use, and the assessed waveguide properties has determined the potential applicability in real liquid sensing applications.

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Design and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber for Liquid Sensing

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Abdul Mu’iz Maidi ◽

Izaddeen Yakasai ◽

Pg Emeroylariffion Abas ◽

Malik Muhammad Nauman ◽

Rosyzie Anna Apong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Simple Structure ◽

Chromatic Dispersion ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Hexagonal Lattice ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Effective Area ◽

Confinement Loss ◽

Crystal Fiber

A simple hexagonal lattice photonic crystal fiber model with liquid-infiltrated core for different liquids: water, ethanol and benzene, has been proposed. In the proposed structure, three air hole rings are present in the cladding and three equal sized air holes are present in the core. Numerical investigation of the proposed fiber has been performed using full vector finite element method with anisotropic perfectly match layers, to show that the proposed simple structure exhibits high relative sensitivity, high power fraction, relatively high birefringence, low chromatic dispersion, low confinement loss, small effective area, and high nonlinear coefficient. All these properties have been numerically investigated at a wider wavelength regime 0.6–1.8 μm within mostly the IR region. Relative sensitivities of water, ethanol and benzene are obtained at 62.60%, 65.34% and 74.50%, respectively, and the nonlinear coefficients are 69.4 W−1 km−1 for water, 73.8 W−1 km−1 for ethanol and 95.4 W−1 km−1 for benzene, at 1.3 µm operating wavelength. The simple structure can be easily fabricated for practical use, and assessment of its multiple waveguide properties has justified its usage in real liquid detection.

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Structural dependence of transmission characteristics for photonic crystal fiber with circularly distributed air-holes

Journal of Optical Communications ◽

10.1515/joc-2020-0032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Kajal Mondal

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Chromatic Dispersion ◽

Nonlinear Coefficient ◽

Single Mode ◽

Effective Area ◽

Transmission Characteristics ◽

Structural Dependence ◽

Crystal Fiber ◽

High Degree

AbstractIn this study, design and transmission characteristics of a special type of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) geometry namely, circular-lattice photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF) structure are presented. The cladding of the structure consists by a cylindrically symmetrical distribution of air-holes in the silica background and the core is created by omitting one air-hole at the center. The structure provides high degree of flexibility in the fiber design and hence tailorable modal properties. Structural dependence of transmission characteristics of the geometry is numerically investigated by using finite difference mode convergence algorithm. The wavelength responses of fiber parameters, such as effective refractive index, chromatic dispersion, mode-effective area, and nonlinear coefficient of the structure are systematically investigated. Besides, effective V-parameter and single-mode operation of the fiber are also evaluated and discussed. The simulation results show the possibility of large negative dispersion and dispersion flattened nature of the geometry.

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A Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fiber for Terahertz Spectroscopic Chemical Sensing

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21051799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 1799

Author(s):

Tianyu Yang ◽

Liang Zhang ◽

Yunjie Shi ◽

Shidi Liu ◽

Yuming Dong

Keyword(s):

Photonic Crystal ◽

Photonic Crystal Fiber ◽

Chemical Sensing ◽

Numerical Aperture ◽

Wide Band ◽

Relative Sensitivity ◽

Chemical Sensitivity ◽

High Birefringence ◽

Crystal Fiber ◽

Polarization Maintaining

A photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with high relative sensitivity was designed and investigated for the detection of chemical analytes in the terahertz (THz) regime. To ease the complexity, an extremely simple cladding employing four struts is adopted, which forms a rectangular shaped core area for filling with analytes. Results of enormous simulations indicate that a minimum 87.8% relative chemical sensitivity with low confinement and effective material absorption losses can be obtained for any kind of analyte, e.g., HCN (1.26), water (1.33), ethanol (1.35), KCN (1.41), or cocaine (1.50), whose refractive index falls in the range of 1.2 to 1.5. Besides, the PCF can also achieve high birefringence (∼0.01), low and flat dispersion, a large effective modal area, and a large numerical aperture within the investigated frequency range from 0.5 to 1.5 THz. We believe that the proposed PCF can be applied to chemical sensing of liquid and THz systems requiring wide-band polarization-maintaining transmission and low attenuation.

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