LOCATION PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF A MULTISPECTRAL SAMPLE BY A MEDIAN OPERATION

1988 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
CARLOS A. POMALAZA-RÁEZ ◽  
YU-SHAN FONG
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Numerical Complexity ◽  
Better Than

Three different kinds of median type estimators for use in applications where the underlying probability distributions are multivariate are proposed and analyzed. The numerical complexity and the statistical characteristics of the estimators are studied and discussed. Numerical results give evidence that the estimator which is a simple extension of the scalar median has an overall performance that is the same or better than the other two proposed estimators.

Statistical characteristics for the defect occurrence of raw silk

2019 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-312
Author(s):  
Jian-mei Xu ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Jiantao Niu ◽  
Dongping Wu ◽  
Lun Bai
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Test Method ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Polya Distribution ◽  
Silk Filament ◽  
Better Than

In order to consider different defects that occur during the computer simulation of raw silk size series, it is necessary to find out the statistical characteristics for the defect occurrence of raw silk. Under the newest International Organization for Standardization standard for electronic testing of raw silk, the defects are classified into small slubs, big slubs, thick places, thin places, and small imperfection elements. By analyzing some probability distributions that happen during the silk reeling process and the formation of the defects, the study proposed that Pólya distribution may fit better than Poisson distribution in describing the number of defects formed in a certain length of silk filament. To verify this theoretical deduction experimentally, the defects for 15 lots of raw silk were tested every 1000 meters using an electronic tester for raw silk; each time 12 skeins were tested together and each test was repeated from 13 to 17 times. A goodness-of-fit test method for Poisson and Pólya distributions was deduced, which was used to analyze the statistical characteristics for the defects except for small imperfection elements. The results showed that when using the capacitive sensor, the defects of big slubs, small slubs, and thick places had a Pólya distribution with a weak spreading characteristic; the thin places were a combination of independent Pólya distributions, and each subclass of thin places took Pólya distribution; when using the optical sensor, all the defects had a Pólya distribution, which was in line with the theoretical deduction.

scholarly journals Simple learning rules to cope with changing environments

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (27) ◽  
pp. 1193-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderich Groß ◽  
Alasdair I Houston ◽  
Edmund J Collins ◽  
John M McNamara ◽  
François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Simple Extension ◽  
Effective Learning ◽  
Changing Environments ◽  
Learning Rules ◽  
Learning Rates ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Full Knowledge ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Better Than

We consider an agent that must choose repeatedly among several actions. Each action has a certain probability of giving the agent an energy reward, and costs may be associated with switching between actions. The agent does not know which action has the highest reward probability, and the probabilities change randomly over time. We study two learning rules that have been widely used to model decision-making processes in animals—one deterministic and the other stochastic. In particular, we examine the influence of the rules' ‘learning rate’ on the agent's energy gain. We compare the performance of each rule with the best performance attainable when the agent has either full knowledge or no knowledge of the environment. Over relatively short periods of time, both rules are successful in enabling agents to exploit their environment. Moreover, under a range of effective learning rates, both rules are equivalent, and can be expressed by a third rule that requires the agent to select the action for which the current run of unsuccessful trials is shortest. However, the performance of both rules is relatively poor over longer periods of time, and under most circumstances no better than the performance an agent could achieve without knowledge of the environment. We propose a simple extension to the original rules that enables agents to learn about and effectively exploit a changing environment for an unlimited period of time.

scholarly journals Solving Nonstiff Higher-Order Ordinary Differential Equations Using 2-Point Block Method Directly

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazizah Mohd Ijam ◽  
Mohamed Suleiman ◽  
Ahmad Fadly Nurullah Rasedee ◽  
Norazak Senu ◽  
Ali Ahmadian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Divided Difference ◽  
Approximate Solutions ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Block Method ◽  
Better Than

We describe the development of a 2-point block backward difference method (2PBBD) for solving system of nonstiff higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) directly. The method computes the approximate solutions at two points simultaneously within an equidistant block. The integration coefficients that are used in the method are obtained only once at the start of the integration. Numerical results are presented to compare the performances of the method developed with 1-point backward difference method (1PBD) and 2-point block divided difference method (2PBDD). The result indicated that, for finer step sizes, this method performs better than the other two methods, that is, 1PBD and 2PBDD.

A Class of Tests for the Dispersive-Equivalence of two Probability Distributions

1992 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Marzec ◽  
Pawel Marzec
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subject Classification ◽  
Continuous Distributions ◽  
Absolutely Continuous ◽  
Distribution Free ◽  
Secondary 62G30 ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Asymptotically Distribution Free

Based on independent random samples from two absolutely continuous distributions, asymptotically distribution-free and consistent tests are proposed for testing that two distributions are identical except for an unknown location parameter against the alternative that one is dispersive ordered with respect to the other. These tests are based on weighted combinations of ratios of spacings. AMS 1980 Subject Classification: Primary 62Gl0, secondary 62G30.

POSITIVITY PRESERVING INTERPOLATION BY USING RATIONAL CUBIC BALL SPLINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsul Ariffin Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Computer Graphics ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Positivity Preserving ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Better Than

This paper discusses the positivity preserving by using rational cubic Ball interpolant of the form cubic/quadratic with two parameters. The sufficient condition for the positivity is derived on one parameter meanwhile the other one is a free parameter to control the final shape of the interpolating curves. The degree smoothness achieved is . From numerical results, the rational cubic Ball spline with two parameters gives smooth interpolating positive curves as well as visually pleasing for computer graphics visualization. Furthermore the scheme is better than existing schemes i.e. its easiness to use and less computation. All numerical results are produced by using Mathematica. 

scholarly journals Robust Geographically Weighted Regression Modeling using Least Absolute Deviation and M-Estimator

2019 ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Puteri Pekerti Wulandari ◽  
Anik Djuraidah ◽  
Aji Hamim Wigena
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Location Parameter ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Weighted Regression ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Estimated Parameters ◽  
M Estimator ◽  
Better Than

Geographically weighted regression (GWR) is development of multiple regression that has spatial varying, so that the estimator of GWR is different for each location. Parameter estimation in GWR uses weighted least square method which is vulnerable to outlier and can cause biased parameter estimation. The robust GWR (RGWR) with LAD and M-estimator is resistance to outliers. This research estimated parameters on RGWR using LAD and M-estimator method and uses data of Java gross domestic product (GRDP) in 2015 containing several outliers. The result showed that RGWR model was better than GWR with M-estimator, and the predictions were closer to the actual values.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Decoupled Location Parameter Estimation of Near-Field Sources with Symmetric ULA

2011 ◽  
Vol E94-B (9) ◽  
pp. 2646-2649
Author(s):  
Bum-Soo KWON ◽  
Tae-Jin JUNG ◽  
Kyun-Kyung LEE
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Location Parameter

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

Temperature Effects during Endodormancy Induction on Subsequent Anthesis and Growth of Peach Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 452c-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schuyler D. Seeley ◽  
Raymundo Rojas-Martinez ◽  
James Frisby
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nighttime Temperatures ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Better Than

Mature peach trees in pots were treated with nighttime temperatures of –3, 6, 12, and 18 °C for 16 h and a daytime temperature of 20 °C for 8 h until the leaves abscised in the colder treatments. The trees were then chilled at 6 °C for 40 to 70 days. Trees were removed from chilling at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days and placed in a 20 °C greenhouse under increasing daylength, spring conditions. Anthesis was faster and shoot length increased with longer chilling treatments. Trees exposed to –3 °C pretreatment flowered and grew best with 40 days of chilling. However, they did not flower faster or grow better than the other treatments with longer chilling times. There was no difference in flowering or growth between the 6 and 12 °C pretreatments. The 18 °C pretreatment resulted in slower flowering and very little growth after 40 and 50 days of chilling, but growth was comparable to other treatments after 70 days of chilling.

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