Free Ω-Rota–Baxter algebras and Gröbner–Shirshov bases

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (07) ◽  
pp. 1359-1373
Author(s):  
Dan Chen ◽  
Yan-Feng Luo ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Free Objects ◽  
Partial Integration

Motivated by the formula of partial integration, we introduce the concept of [Formula: see text]-Rota–Baxter algebras, which generalizes the Rota–Baxter algebras introduced by Baxter. We then construct free objects in the category of [Formula: see text]-Rota–Baxter algebras, via a method of Gröbner–Shirshov bases.

Scots and Access to Spanish America from Before the Union to 1748

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Lenman
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Spanish America ◽  
Political Life ◽  
British State ◽  
Scottish Politics ◽  
Partial Integration ◽  
The Way

This article begins with the idea that there was a vigorous political life in Scotland in the first half of the eighteenth century which could focus on issues other than Jacobitism or government patronage. The article focuses on the non-dynastic issues in Scottish politics that predated the Union and which carried on into the Westminster parliament to the accompaniment of considerable activism in Scotland, and a distinctive contribution from Scottish members of both houses of the legislature. The example here examined is the burning issue of securing commercial access to the forbidden lands of Spanish America. Studying it reveals very clearly that ‘The theme of Scotland's partial integration into the British state’ and the way in which it ‘was never wholly successful’, goes back to the very start of the eighteenth century.

scholarly journals Cyborg activism: Exploring the reconfigurations of democratic subjectivity in Anonymous

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1543-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Asenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Information Age ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Views ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Strategic Politics ◽  
Partial Integration

This article develops the concept of cyborg activism as novel configuration of democratic subjectivity in the Information Age by exploring the online collectivity Anonymous as a prototype. By fusing elements of human/machine and organic/digital, the cyborg disrupts modern logics of binary thinking. Cyborg activism emerges as the reconfiguration of equality/hierarchy, reason/emotion and nihilism/idealism. Anonymous demonstrates how through the use of contingent and ephemeral digital personae hierarchies in cyborg activism prove more volatile than in face-to-face settings. Emotions appear as an essential part of a politics of passion, which enables pursuing laughter and joy, expressing anger and experiencing empowerment as part of a reasoned, strategic politics. Anonymous’ political content reconfigures nihilist sentiments, frustration and political disenchantment, on one hand, with idealist world views, on the other. This enables the cohabitation and partial integration of a great diversity of political claims rooted in various ideologies.

GRAVITATIONAL BAG EFFECTS ON KALUZA KLEIN AND STRING EXCITATIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 04 (19) ◽  
pp. 5119-5131 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. GUENDELMAN
Keyword(s):  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Blow Up ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Massive String ◽  
Free Objects ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Gravitational Bags are spherically symmetric solutions of higher-dimensional Kaluza Klein (K – K) theories, where the compact dimensions become very large near the center of the geometry, although they are small elsewhere. The K – K excitations therefore become very light when located near the center of this geometry and this appears to affect drastically the naive tower of the masses spectrum of K – K theories. In the context of string theories, string excitations can be enclosed by Gravitational Bags, making them not only lighter, but also localized, as observed by somebody, that does not probe the central regions. Strings, however, can still have divergent sizes, as quantum mechanics seems to demand, since the extra dimensions blow up at the center of the geometry. From a projected 4-D point of view, very massive string bits may lie inside their Schwarzschild radii, as pointed out by Casher, Gravitational Bags however are horizon free objects, so no conflict with macroscopic causality arises if the string excitations are enclosed by Gravitational Bags.

scholarly journals FREE ADEQUATE SEMIGROUPS

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK KAMBITES
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Semigroup ◽  
Word Problem ◽  
Explicit Description ◽  
Finitely Generated ◽  
Free Objects ◽  
Ample Semigroup ◽  
Free Inverse Semigroup ◽  
Adequate Semigroup

AbstractWe give an explicit description of the free objects in the quasivariety of adequate semigroups, as sets of labelled directed trees under a natural combinatorial multiplication. The morphisms of the free adequate semigroup onto the free ample semigroup and into the free inverse semigroup are realised by a combinatorial ‘folding’ operation which transforms our trees into Munn trees. We use these results to show that free adequate semigroups and monoids are 𝒥-trivial and never finitely generated as semigroups, and that those which are finitely generated as (2,1,1)-algebras have decidable word problem.

Induction of cybrid strains of Tetrahymena thermophila by electrofusion

1988 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261
Author(s):  
J. Gaertig ◽  
M. Kiersnowska ◽  
F. Iftode
Keyword(s):  
Tetrahymena Thermophila ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Ciliated Protozoan ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Electric Pulses ◽  
Conductive Medium ◽  
Membrane Contact ◽  
Initial Process ◽  
Partial Integration

In this paper, the electrofusion of the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena thermophila, is described. Deciliated cells were brought into close membrane contact by dielectrophoresis in a weakly conductive medium. Then cell fusion was induced by application of repeated electric pulses. Up to 20 prestarved, logarithmic or stationary phase cells of the same or different mating types may form a single giant cell. The polykaryons are fully able to regenerate cilia and became motile. After an initial process of partial integration the polykaryons yield viable clones by separation of components. Cytoplasmic exchange between fused components occurs before separation. Cytoplasmically inherited chloramphenicol resistance was transmitted from one strain to another by electrofusion and drug-resistant cybrid strains were generated.

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