scholarly journals VIRTUAL BLACK HOLES AND THE S-MATRIX

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1973-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. GRUMILLER
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Specific Heat ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Thermodynamical Behavior ◽  
Virtual Black Holes

A brief review on virtual black holes is presented, with special emphasis on phenomenologically relevant issues like their influence on scattering or on the specific heat of (real) black holes. Regarding theoretical topics, the results important for (the avoidance of) information loss are summarized. After recalling Hawking's Euclidean notion of virtual black holes and a Minkowskian notion which emerged in studies of 2D models, the importance of virtual black holes for scattering experiments is addressed. Among the key features is that virtual black holes tend to regularize divergences of quantum field theory and that a unitary S-matrix may be constructed. Also, the thermodynamical behavior of real evaporating black holes may be ameliorated by interactions with virtual black holes. Open experimental and theoretical challenges are mentioned briefly.

scholarly journals Classical black hole scattering from a worldline quantum field theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav Mogull ◽  
Jan Plefka ◽  
Jan Steinhoff
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Expectation Values ◽  
Path Integral Representation ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Feynman Rules ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Three Body

Abstract A precise link is derived between scalar-graviton S-matrix elements and expectation values of operators in a worldline quantum field theory (WQFT), both used to describe classical scattering of black holes. The link is formally provided by a worldline path integral representation of the graviton-dressed scalar propagator, which may be inserted into a traditional definition of the S-matrix in terms of time-ordered correlators. To calculate expectation values in the WQFT a new set of Feynman rules is introduced which treats the gravitational field hμν(x) and position $$ {x}_i^{\mu}\left({\tau}_i\right) $$ x i μ τ i of each black hole on equal footing. Using these both the 3PM three-body gravitational radiation 〈hμv(k)〉 and 2PM two-body deflection $$ \Delta {p}_i^{\mu } $$ Δ p i μ from classical black hole scattering events are obtained. The latter can also be obtained from the eikonal phase of a 2 → 2 scalar S-matrix, which we show corresponds to the free energy of the WQFT.

scholarly journals CHARGED SECTORS, SPIN AND STATISTICS IN QUANTUM FIELD THEORY ON CURVED SPACETIMES

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 125-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. GUIDO ◽  
R. LONGO ◽  
J. E. ROBERTS ◽  
R. VERCH
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Black Holes ◽  
Rotational Symmetry ◽  
Minkowski Spacetime ◽  
Rotation Group ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Covariant Quantum ◽  
Killing Horizon ◽  
Hyperbolic Spacetimes

The first part of this paper extends the Doplicher–Haag–Roberts theory of superselection sectors to quantum field theory on arbitrary globally hyperbolic spacetimes. The statistics of a superselection sector may be defined as in flat spacetime and each charge has a conjugate charge when the spacetime possesses non-compact Cauchy surfaces. In this case, the field net and the gauge group can be constructed as in Minkowski spacetime. The second part of this paper derives spin-statistics theorems on spacetimes with appropriate symmetries. Two situations are considered: First, if the spacetime has a bifurcate Killing horizon, as is the case in the presence of black holes, then restricting the observables to the Killing horizon together with "modular covariance" for the Killing flow yields a conformally covariant quantum field theory on the circle and a conformal spin-statistics theorem for charged sectors localizable on the Killing horizon. Secondly, if the spacetime has a rotation and PT symmetry like the Schwarzschild–Kruskal black holes, "geometric modular action" of the rotational symmetry leads to a spin-statistics theorem for charged covariant sectors where the spin is defined via the SU(2)-covering of the spatial rotation group SO(3).

Perturbation Method for Boundary S-Matrix in 2D Quantum Field Theory

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (38) ◽  
pp. 2951-2962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Topor
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Quantum Field Theory ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Exact Expression ◽  
Quantum Field ◽  
Boundary Interaction ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Sine Gordon Model ◽  
The One ◽  
Perturbative Result

We develop a perturbation theory for evaluating the boundary S-matrix in 2D quantum field theory. We apply this approach to calculate the one-loop boundary S-matrix for the elementary particle of the sine–Gordon model with a boundary interaction. Our perturbative result agrees with the exact expression of the S-matrix conjectured by Goshal; it also allows us to derive the perturbative relation between the parameter ϑ in the S-matrix and the free parameter M in the boundary action, in the particular case in which its other free parameter φ0 is zero.

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