FRACTAL GROWTH AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSITIONS DURING CRYSTALLIZATION OF AMINO ACIDS IN PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE

Fractals ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
ISHWAR DAS ◽  
SMRITI VERMA ◽  
SHOEB A. ANSARI ◽  
R. S. LALL ◽  
NAMITA R. AGRAWAL
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Transitions ◽  
Irregular Growth ◽  
Band Number

Two-dimensional fractal and spherulitic patterns have been developed on microslides during the crystallization of amino acids in the absence and presence of glucose and agar-agar from their aqueous solutions. Lysine crystallized uniformly in the form of ringed spherulite, but in the presence of glucose it crystallized in the form of branched morphologies. Dependence of glucose concentrations on morphology of glutamic acid has also been studied. Morphology of glutamic acid was found to depend on glucose concentration. Due to interaction between glutamic acid and glucose, following morphological transitions were observed depending on glucose concentrations: spherulite → ringed spherulite → Fractal geometry → DLA-like pattern (D ≈ 1.725). Growth morphologies were characterized by measuring the location of bands (xn) as a function of band number n obeying the relation xn = mn + c, where m and n are slope and intercept respectively, and calculating the fractal dimension at different conditions. Influence of agar-agar on the morphology was also studied. Results showed that branched morphologies were more dominant in the presence of agar-agar. In case of glycine, irregular growth patterns were observed. Interaction between amino acids and glucose was studied by viscosity measurements. It has been inferred that interaction is maximum in case of interaction of glucose with glutamic acid (acidic) and minimum in case of glycine (neutral).

Fractal geometry of ammonoid sutures

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Lutz ◽  
George E. Boyajian
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Linear Features ◽  
Divider Method ◽  
Richardson Method ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Box Method ◽  
Range Of Variation

Interior chamber walls of ammonites range from smoothly undulating surfaces in some taxa to complex surfaces, corrugated on many scales, in others. The ammonite suture, which is the expression of the intersection of these walls on the exterior of the shell, has been used to assess anatomical complexity. We used the fractal dimension to measure sutural complexity and to investigate complexity over evolutionary time and showed that the range of variation in sutural complexity increased through time. In this paper we extend our analyses and consider two new parameters that measure the range of scales over which fractal geometry is a satisfactory metric of a suture. We use a principal components analysis of these parameters and the fractal dimension to establish a two-dimensional morphospace in which the shapes of sutures can be plotted and in which variations and evolution of suture morphology can be investigated. Our results show that morphospace coordinates of ammonitic sutures correspond to visually perceptible differences in suture shape. However, three main classes of sutures (goniatitic, ceratitic, and ammonitic) are not unambiguously discriminated in this morphospace. Interestingly, ammonitic sutures occupy a smaller morphospace than other suture types (roughly one-half of the morphospace of goniatitic and ceratitic sutures combined), and the space they occupied did not change dimensions from the Jurassic to the late Cretaceous.We also compare two methods commonly used to measure the fractal dimension of linear features: the Box method and the Richardson (or divider) method. Both methods yield comparable results for ammonitic sutures but the Richardson method yields more precise results for less complex sutures.

NITROGEN UTILIZATION IN 38 FRESHWATER CHLAMYDOMONAD ALGAE

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (11) ◽  
pp. 1367-1378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brother Joseph Cain
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Axenic Cultures

Axenic cultures of 38 organisms, half of these available from culture collections of algae and half newly isolated, were investigated for nitrogen utilization. When NaNO3, NaNO2, (NH4)2SO4, and NH4NO3 were used as sole sources of nitrogen in an organic basal medium, it was evident that most of the organisms used NaNO3 and NaNO2 with equal facility. (NH4)2SO4 was utilized to about the same extent as NH4NO3, and both were used with less facility than NaNO3 and NaNO2. Growth in the basal medium with any of nine amino acids as sole nitrogen sources (namely, asparagine, ornithine, aspartic acid, lysine, serine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine, and glutamine) was sufficiently differential to suggest possible taxonomic utility. When study was made of certain nitrogenous bases as sole nitrogen sources, it was found that adenine and uric acid were widely utilized, but cytosine, thymine, and uracil supported little or no growth. Again, when acetamide and succinamide were used as sole sources of nitrogen, and growth was compared with that in media containing glutamine and asparagine, patterns of growth differed from organism to organism. In summary, it can be said that these experiments provide data on growth patterns which may be significant as supplements to strictly morphological attributes of the organisms.

TWO-DIMENSIONAL FRACTAL MODEL FOR ULTIMATE CRUSHING STATE OF COARSE AGGREGATES

Fractals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950109
Author(s):  
QIANMI YU ◽  
JIANKUN LIU ◽  
UJWALKUMAR D. PATIL ◽  
SURYA S. C. CONGRESS ◽  
ANAND J. PUPPALA
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Fractal Model ◽  
Fragmentation Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Coarse Aggregates

The research on the ultimate crushing state of coarse aggregates is beneficial to analyze and predict the evolutionary process of crushing. The Growing Path method uses the two-dimensional fractal geometry structure to simulate the size variation of particle size fraction during the particle breakage of coarse aggregates and it serves to investigate the ultimate fractal dimension corresponding to the ultimate crushing state of coarse aggregates. This method manifests the self-growing characteristics of particle size distribution in the process of particle crushing. This study found that the two-dimensional image of ultimate fractal model was precisely similar to that of the Sierpinski gasket of fractal theory when the ultimate crushing state was reached. The results from the model analysis show that the theoretically ultimate fractal dimension is about 2.585, which is consistent with the existing results calculated from the three-dimensional ultimate fragmentation model of cataclastic rock located in the fault zones. The relationship between two fractal models was analyzed. Furthermore, the application of fractal geometry presented in this study will also serve as a reference for the analysis of the other chaos phenomena observed in geotechnical engineering.

Optimal Density Determination of Bouguer Anomaly Using Fractal Analysis (Case of study: Charak area,IRAN)

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Hamid Reza Samadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Host Rock ◽  
Bouguer Anomaly ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Density Difference ◽  
Optimal Density

In exploration geophysics the main and initial aim is to determine density of under-research goals which have certain density difference with the host rock. Therefore, we state a method in this paper to determine the density of bouguer plate, the so-called variogram method based on fractal geometry. This method is based on minimizing surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. The fractal dimension of surface has been used as surface roughness of bouguer anomaly. Using this method, the optimal density of Charak area insouth of Hormozgan province can be determined which is 2/7 g/cfor the under-research area. This determined density has been used to correct and investigate its results about the isostasy of the studied area and results well-coincided with the geology of the area and dug exploratory holes in the text area

New Methods for Analyzing Water Pollutants

1982 ◽  
Vol 14 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 59-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L H Keith ◽  
R C Hall ◽  
R C Hanisch ◽  
R G Landolt ◽  
J E Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Gas Chromatograph ◽  
New Class ◽  
New Methods ◽  
System A ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Nitrogen Containing Compounds

Two new methods have been developed to analyze for organic pollutants in water. The first, two-dimensional gas chromatography, using post detector peak recycling (PDPR), involves the use of a computer-controlled gas Chromatograph to selectively trap compounds of interest and rechromatograph them on a second column, recycling them through the same detector again. The second employs a new detector system, a thermally modulated electron capture detector (TMECD). Both methods were used to demonstrate their utility by applying them to the analysis of a new class of potentially ubiquitous anthropoaqueous pollutants in drinking waters- -haloacetonitriles. These newly identified compounds are produced from certain amino acids and other nitrogen-containing compounds reacting with chlorine during the disinfection stage of treatment.

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BY SOLVENT REDEVELOPMENT WITHOUT PRIOR REMOVAL OF SALTS OR PROTEINS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur E. Pasieka
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Equivalent Time ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Subsequent Staining

A solvent redeveloping technique has been devised by which amino acids, peptides, and sugars can be separated from complex mixtures in the presence of high concentrations of salts and proteins. The separations are effected by two to four successive 18-hour solvent developments with drying between each 18-hour period before subsequent staining of the chromatograms. Better separations and resolutions are obtained by such successive 18-hour solvent developments than by one continuous solvent development for an equivalent time. The effect of these redevelopments on the separations and resolutions of biological compounds is illustrated at various stages by photographs of one- and two-dimensional chromatograms. The redevelopment technique requires filter paper sheets up to 4 ft in length for one-dimensional analytical and preparative types of chromatograms.

COMPLEXITY MAPS REVEAL CLUSTERS IN NEURONAL ARBORIZATIONS

Fractals ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
B. DUBUC ◽  
S. W. ZUCKER ◽  
M. P. STRYKER
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Local Structure ◽  
Dendritic Tree ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
Local Complexity ◽  
Formal Definitions

A central issue in characterizing neuronal growth patterns is whether their arbors form clusters. Formal definitions of clusters have been elusive, although intuitively they appear to be related to the complexity of branching. Standard notions of complexity have been developed for point sets, but neurons are specialized "curve-like" objects. Thus we consider the problem of characterizing the local complexity of a "curve-like" measurable set. We propose an index of complexity suitable for defining clusters in such objects, together with an algorithm that produces a complexity map which gives, at each point on the set, precisely this index of complexity. Our index is closely related to the classical notions of fractal dimension, since it consists in determining the rate of growth of the area of a dilated set at a given scale, but it differs in two significant ways. First, the dilation is done normal to the local structure of the set, instead of being done isotropically. Second, the rate of growth of the area of this new set, which we named "normal complexity", is taken at a fixed (given) scale instead instead of around zero. The results will be key in choosing the appropriate representation when integrating local information in low level computer vision. As an application, they lead to the quantification of axonal and dendritic tree growth in neurons.

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