CONTRIBUTION OF MUSCLE TENSION FORCE TO MEDIAL KNEE CONTACT FORCE AT FAST WALKING SPEED

Fast walking is considered as a factor that causes pain in patients suffering from knee disorders. This study examined the effect of walking speed on the medial knee contact force and identified contributions to the muscle tension on the medial knee contact force during fast walking using musculoskeletal simulation analysis. The muscle contribution to the medial knee contact force was calculated based on the joint angles and ground reaction force for the normal and fast walking experiments of seven subjects. The muscle force and joint reaction force were used to estimate the medial knee contact force. Results showed, in average, 70% increase in medial knee contact force at the first peak and 34% increase at the second peak with a fast walking speed, compared to when they walked at a normal walking speed. The remarkable increase in the first peak was mainly contributed by the increase in the quadriceps force resisting the external knee flexion moment. In contrast, the moderate increase of second peak was contributed by the increase in the gastrocnemius muscle force. These results suggest that the increase in medial knee contact force at fast walking speeds is caused by the increased muscle force.

Download Full-text

Toe-Out Gait Decreases the Second Peak of the Medial Knee Contact Force

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2014-0310 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shinya Ogaya ◽

Hisashi Naito ◽

Akira Iwata ◽

Yumi Higuchi ◽

Satoshi Fuchioka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Force ◽

Simulation Analysis ◽

Cartilage Damage ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Knee Adduction Moment ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Medial Knee ◽

Second Peak

Toe-out angle alternation is a potential tactic for decreasing the knee adduction moment during walking. Published reports have not examined the medial knee contact force during the toe-out gait, although it is a factor affecting knee articular cartilage damage. This study investigated the effects of increased toe-out angle on the medial knee contact force, using musculoskeletal simulation analysis. For normal and toe-out gaits in 18 healthy subjects, the muscle tension forces were simulated based on the joint moments and ground reaction forces with optimization process. The medial knee contact force during stance phase was determined using the sum of the muscle force and joint reaction force components. The first and second peaks of the medial knee contact force were compared between the gaits. The toe-out gait showed a significant decrease in the medial knee contact force at the second peak, compared with the normal gait. In contrast, the medial knee contact forces at the first peak were not significantly different between the gaits. These results suggest that the toe-out gait is beneficial for decreasing the second peak of the medial knee contact force.

Download Full-text

Figure 10.1 Illustration of the forces acting on the forearm while holding a ball weighing W in the hand. The biceps muscle force, B, acts upward on the ulna. The joint reaction force, R, and weight of the forearm, G, act downward. The vector sum of these forces must be zero to maintain static equilibrium. Similarly, the net moment about the joint centre must also be zero. These two conditions can be written algebraically as Equations 10.1 and 10.2.

Biomechanics in Ergonomics ◽

10.4324/9780203016268-42 ◽

1999 ◽

pp. 214-215

Keyword(s):

Muscle Force ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Static Equilibrium ◽

Biceps Muscle ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Vector Sum ◽

Joint Reaction

Download Full-text

Intra-Articular Knee Contact Force Estimation During Walking Using Force-Reaction Elements and Subject-Specific Joint Model2

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4032414 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yihwan Jung ◽

Cong-Bo Phan ◽

Seungbum Koo

Keyword(s):

Contact Force ◽

Inverse Dynamics ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Muscle Tension ◽

Contact Forces ◽

Contact Model ◽

Grand Challenge ◽

Subject Specific ◽

Mean Square Errors

Joint contact forces measured with instrumented knee implants have not only revealed general patterns of joint loading but also showed individual variations that could be due to differences in anatomy and joint kinematics. Musculoskeletal human models for dynamic simulation have been utilized to understand body kinetics including joint moments, muscle tension, and knee contact forces. The objectives of this study were to develop a knee contact model which can predict knee contact forces using an inverse dynamics-based optimization solver and to investigate the effect of joint constraints on knee contact force prediction. A knee contact model was developed to include 32 reaction force elements on the surface of a tibial insert of a total knee replacement (TKR), which was embedded in a full-body musculoskeletal model. Various external measurements including motion data and external force data during walking trials of a subject with an instrumented knee implant were provided from the Sixth Grand Challenge Competition to Predict in vivo Knee Loads. Knee contact forces in the medial and lateral portions of the instrumented knee implant were also provided for the same walking trials. A knee contact model with a hinge joint and normal alignment could predict knee contact forces with root mean square errors (RMSEs) of 165 N and 288 N for the medial and lateral portions of the knee, respectively, and coefficients of determination (R2) of 0.70 and −0.63. When the degrees-of-freedom (DOF) of the knee and locations of leg markers were adjusted to account for the valgus lower-limb alignment of the subject, RMSE values improved to 144 N and 179 N, and R2 values improved to 0.77 and 0.37, respectively. The proposed knee contact model with subject-specific joint model could predict in vivo knee contact forces with reasonable accuracy. This model may contribute to the development and improvement of knee arthroplasty.

Download Full-text

Simulating bipedal walking using a translating center of pressure

10.1101/723445 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Karna Potwar ◽

Dongheui Lee

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Center Of Pressure ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Bipedal Walking ◽

Upper Body ◽

Foot Placement ◽

Fast Walking ◽

Walking Speeds ◽

Steady State Solutions

AbstractDuring walking, foot orientation and foot placement allow humans to stabilize their gait and to move forward. Consequently the upper body adapts to the ground reaction force (GRF) transmitted through the feet. The foot-ground contact is often modeled as a fixed pivot in bipedal models for analysis of locomotion. The fixed pivot models, however, cannot capture the effect of shift in the pivot point from heel to toe. In this study, we propose a novel bipedal model, called SLIPCOP, which employs a translating center of pressure (COP) in a spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. The translating COP has two modes: one with a constant speed of translation and the other as the weighted function of the GRF in the fore aft direction. We use the relation between walking speed and touchdown (TD) angle as well as walking speed and COP speed, from existing literature, to restrict steady state solutions within the human walking domain. We find that with these relations, SLIPCOP provides steady state solutions for very slow to very fast walking speeds unlike SLIP. SLIPCOP for normal to very fast walking speed shows good accuracy in estimating COM amplitude and swing stance ratio. SLIPCOP is able to estimate the distance traveled by the COP during stance with high precision.

Download Full-text

Experimental Analysis of the Quadriceps Muscle Force and Patello-Femoral Joint Reaction Force for Various Activities

Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica ◽

10.3109/17453677208991251 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 126-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 268

Author(s):

Donald T. Reilly ◽

Marc Martens

Keyword(s):

Experimental Analysis ◽

Muscle Force ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Quadriceps Muscle ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Joint Reaction

Download Full-text

Displacement of the Hip Center of Rotation After Arthroplasty of Crowe III and IV Dysplasia A Radiological and Biomechanical Study

10.32920/14641665.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Abolghasemian ◽

Saeid Samiezadeh ◽

Davood Jafari ◽

Habiba Bougherara ◽

Allan E Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Force ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biomechanical Study ◽

Abductor Muscle ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Center Of Rotation ◽

Type Iii ◽

Single Leg Stance

To study the direction and biomechanical consequences of hip center of rotation (HCOR) migration in Crowe type III and VI hips after total hip arthroplasty, post-operative radiographs and CT scans of several unilaterally affected hips were evaluated. Using a three-dimensional model of the human hip, the HCOR was moved in all directions, and joint reaction force (JRF) and abductor muscle force (AMF) were calculated for single-leg stance configuration. Comparing to the normal side, HCOR had displaced medially and inferiorly by an average of 23.4% and 20.8%, respectively, of the normal femoral head diameter. Significant decreases in JRF (13%) and AMF (46.13%) were observed in a presumptive case with that amount of displacement. Isolated inferior displacement had a small, increasing effect on these forces. In Crowe type III and IV hips, the HCOR migrates inferiorly and medially after THA, resulting in a decrease in JRF, AMF, and abductor muscle contraction force.

Download Full-text

Displacement of the Hip Center of Rotation After Arthroplasty of Crowe III and IV Dysplasia A Radiological and Biomechanical Study

10.32920/14641665 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mansour Abolghasemian ◽

Saeid Samiezadeh ◽

Davood Jafari ◽

Habiba Bougherara ◽

Allan E Gross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Force ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Biomechanical Study ◽

Abductor Muscle ◽

Three Dimensional Model ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Center Of Rotation ◽

Type Iii ◽

Single Leg Stance

Download Full-text

Effect of unilateral and bilateral use of laterally wedged insoles with arch supports on impact loading in medial knee osteoarthritis

Prosthetics and Orthotics International ◽

10.1177/0309364614560942 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 231-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amira Abdallah Abd El Megeid Abdallah

Keyword(s):

Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

Impact Loading ◽

Walking Speed ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Relative Timing ◽

Medial Knee ◽

Medial Knee Osteoarthritis ◽

The Impact ◽

Arch Supports

Background: Increased impact loading is implicated in knee osteoarthritis development and progression. Objectives: This study examined the impact ground reaction force (GRF) peak, its loading rate, its relative timing to stance phase timing, and walking speed during unilateral and bilateral use of laterally wedged insoles with arch supports. Study design: Within-subject design. Methods: Thirty-three female patients with medial knee osteoarthritis were examined with (unilateral 6° and 11°, and bilateral 0°, 6°, and 11°) and without insole use. Results: Repeated measures MANOVA revealed that the impact force increased significantly in bilateral 11° versus unilateral 6° and without-insole conditions. The loading rate decreased significantly in unilateral 11° versus bilateral 6° insoles. The relative timing increased significantly in each of bilateral 6°, bilateral 11°, and unilateral 11° versus bilateral 0° insoles and in each of bilateral 11° and unilateral 11° versus without-insole condition. There were significant positive correlations between the walking speed and each of the force and loading rate. The Chi-square test revealed insignificant association between the insole condition and the presence of impact forces. Conclusion: Unilateral 11° insoles are capable of reducing impact loading possibly through increasing foot pronation. Walking slowly is another possible strategy to reduce loading. Clinical relevance Unilaterally applied 11° laterally wedged insoles are capable of reducing and delaying the initial impact ground reaction forces and reducing their loading rates during walking in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis, thus reducing osteoarthritis progression. Walking slowly could also be used as a strategy to reduce impact loading.

Download Full-text