Effects of Various Exercises on the Microvascular Reactivity of the Skin of the Knee Joint in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of square dance and brisk walking with the same frequency on the microvascular reactivity of the knee joint of elderly and middle-aged women. For the first time in Enshi city, women aged 55 to 65 years old were selected for experimental subjects, which included 15 in square dance group, 15 in Taijiquan group, 15 in fast walking group and 15 in control group. The changes in the skin microvascular reactivity of the knee joint were studied. The effects of various exercise regimens on the knee joint were evaluated. The results after the experiment, compared with the pre-experiment group, the increase rate of MBP in Taiji group increased significantly, but there was no significant change in square dance group, brisk walk group and control group (P > 0.05). The MBP in control group decreased in different degrees but not significantly (P > 0.05). The change in the AVBC rate in the Taijiquan group was significant, but not significantly so compared to the control group. The same results were obtained in the other groups. Hence, the increase rate of MBP in Taijiquan group was significantly higher than that in square dance group, fast walking group and control group, the increase rate of MBP in square dance group was significantly higher than that in control group, and the increase rate of AVBC in Taijiquan group was significantly higher than that in fast walking group and control group.

Is Wrist Accelerometry Suitable for Threshold Scoring? A Comparison of Hip-Worn and Wrist-Worn ActiGraph Data in Low-Active Older Adults with Obesity

Background Hip- and wrist-worn ActiGraph accelerometers are widely used in research on physical activity as they offer an objective assessment of movement intensity across the day. Herein we characterize and contrast key structured physical activities and common activities of daily living via accelerometry data collected at the hip and wrist from a sample of community-dwelling older adults. Methods Low-active, older adults with obesity (age 60+ years) were fit with an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist and hip before completing a series of tasks in a randomized order, including sitting/standing, sweeping, folding laundry, stair climbing, ambulation at different intensities, and cycling at different intensities. Participants returned a week later and complete the tasks once again. Vector magnitude counts/second were time-matched during each task and then summarized into counts/minute (CPM). Results Monitors at both wear locations similarly characterized standing, sitting, and ambulatory tasks. A key finding was that light home chores (sweeping, folding laundry) produced higher and more variable CPM values than fast walking via wrist ActiGraph. Regression analyses revealed wrist CPM values were poor predictors of hip CPM values, with devices aligning best during fast walking (R 2=.25) and stair climbing (R 2=.35). Conclusion As older adults spend a considerable portion of their day in non-exercise activities of daily living, researchers should be cautious in the use of simply acceleration thresholds for scoring wrist-worn accelerometer data. Methods for better classifying wrist-worn activity monitor data in older adults are needed.

Home-based rehabilitation in patients over 60 with stabilized ankylosing spondylitis during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has become a significant healthcare issue, particularly challenging for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), because immune-related diseases and their treatments could adversely affect the susceptibility to or severity of a viral infection. OBJECTIVE: This study is conducted to present an exercise rehabilitation program that patients older than 60 years with AS can do at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Three Delphi surveys were conducted to reach a consensus on home-based rehabilitation programs. This study recruited ten experts and performed three Delphi rounds for a month. RESULTS: The expert panel suggested that home-based rehabilitation for the patients should be carried out with a clear rehabilitation goal. Their final recommendations are to institute a program aimed to ease symptoms, such as pain and stiffness; encourage patients to consult with experts regularly to ensure that they perform exercise rehabilitation properly at home; add fast walking and stretching to the rehabilitation program; and see if indoor cycling, Pilates, or yoga could be appropriate. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that patients with AS over 60 should repeat low-intensity exercises, such as stretching, for an hour a day, four to six times a week during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Optimized hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance at a range of walking speeds

Background Autonomous exoskeletons will need to be useful at a variety of walking speeds, but it is unclear how optimal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance should change with speed. Biological joint moments tend to increase with speed, and in some cases, optimized ankle exoskeleton torques follow a similar trend. Ideal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton torque may also increase with speed. The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between walking speed, optimal hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance, and the benefits to metabolic energy cost. Methods We optimized hip–knee–ankle exoskeleton assistance to reduce metabolic cost for three able-bodied participants walking at 1.0 m/s, 1.25 m/s and 1.5 m/s. We measured metabolic cost, muscle activity, exoskeleton assistance and kinematics. We performed Friedman’s tests to analyze trends across walking speeds and paired t-tests to determine if changes from the unassisted conditions to the assisted conditions were significant. Results Exoskeleton assistance reduced the metabolic cost of walking compared to wearing the exoskeleton with no torque applied by 26%, 47% and 50% at 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 m/s, respectively. For all three participants, optimized exoskeleton ankle torque was the smallest for slow walking, while hip and knee torque changed slightly with speed in ways that varied across participants. Total applied positive power increased with speed for all three participants, largely due to increased joint velocities, which consistently increased with speed. Conclusions Exoskeleton assistance is effective at a range of speeds and is most effective at medium and fast walking speeds. Exoskeleton assistance was less effective for slow walking, which may explain the limited success in reducing metabolic cost for patient populations through exoskeleton assistance. Exoskeleton designers may have more success when targeting activities and groups with faster walking speeds. Speed-related changes in optimized exoskeleton assistance varied by participant, indicating either the benefit of participant-specific tuning or that a wide variety of torque profiles are similarly effective.

Objective method reveals minimum time required to quantify net cost of transport across slow to fast walking speeds

The U-shaped net cost of transport (COT) curve of walking has helped scientists understand the biomechanical basis that underlies energy minimization during walking. However, to produce an individual's net COT curve, data must be analyzed during periods of steady-rate metabolism. Traditionally, studies analyze the last few minutes of a 6-10 min trial, assuming that steady-rate metabolism has been achieved. Yet, it is possible that an individual achieves steady rates of metabolism much earlier. However, there is no consensus on how to objectively quantify steady-rate metabolism across a range of walking speeds. Therefore, we developed an objective method to determine the minimum time needed for humans to achieve steady rates of metabolism across slow to fast walking speeds. We hypothesized that a shorter time window could be used to produce a net COT curve that is comparable to the net COT curve created using traditional methods. We analyzed metabolic data from twenty-one subjects who completed several 7-min walking trials ranging from 0.50-2.00 m/s. We partitioned the metabolic data for each trial into moving 1-min, 2-min, and 3 min intervals and calculated their slopes. We statistically compared these slope values to values derived from the last 3-min of the 7-min trial, our 'gold' standard comparison. We found that a minimum of 2 min is required to achieve steady-rate metabolism and that data from 2-4 min yields a net COT curve that is not statistically different from the one derived from experimental protocols that are generally accepted in the field.

Effect of Walking Speeds on Complexity of Plantar Pressure Patterns

Various walking speeds may induce different responses on the plantar pressure patterns. Current methods used to analyze plantar pressure patterns are linear and ignore nonlinear features. The purpose of this study was to analyze the complexity of plantar pressure images after walking at various speeds using nonlinear bidimensional multiscale entropy (MSE2D). Twelve participants (age: 27.1 ± 5.8 years; height: 170.3 ± 10.0 cm; and weight: 63.5 ± 13.5 kg) were recruited for walking at three speeds (slow at 1.8 mph, moderate at 3.6 mph, and fast at 5.4 mph) for 20 minutes. A plantar pressure measurement system was used to measure plantar pressure patterns. Complexity index (CI), a summation of MSE2D from all time scales, was used to quantify the changes of complexity of plantar pressure images. The analysis of variance with repeated measures and Fisher’s least significant difference correction were used to examine the results of this study. The results showed that CI of plantar pressure images of 1.8 mph (1.780) was significantly lower compared with 3.6 (1.790) and 5.4 mph (1.792). The results also showed that CI significantly increased from the 1st min (1.780) to the 10th min (1.791) and 20th min (1.791) with slow walking (1.8 mph). Our results indicate that slow walking at 1.8 mph may not be good for postural control compared with moderate walking (3.6 mph) and fast walking (5.4 mph). This study demonstrates that bidimensional multiscale entropy is able to quantify complexity changes of plantar pressure images after different walking speeds.

Sosialisasi Pendampingan Asupan Gizi Atlet Muda di Kota Palangka Raya pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

For an athlete to get a complete nutritional intake with the right portion of food, will make the athlete's body can function to the maximum, so that performance will also be maximal when doing competitions. Therefore, it is important for an athlete to really attention to his nutritional intake, especially the balance between nutritional intake and energy expenditure, both in the phase before, during, and after a match or exercise. Because energy will affect the performance of athletes, as well as the maximum performance of athletes will support it to achieve the best achievement. Especially with the current covid-19 outbreak. The purpose of this dedication is that athletes can find their best diet to improve the efficiency of the body's metabolism to face exercise and matches. The method carried out in this activity is socialization. The implementation of this activity is conducted face-to-face.Participants in this activity are young athletes who are in the city of Palangka Raya with a total of 15 people from various sports including badminton, soccer, volleyball, athletics (sprint), athletics (fast walking), athletics (reject bullets), table tennis, karate, sepak sawut. Based on the results obtained from this activity, there are several problems including the knowledge of athletes about the importance of setting the nutritional intake of sports is still relatively low, the lack of varied food menu consumed, the use of supplements by athletes are too excessive. Then after being able to know about the problem, the presenter gave direction to the athletes to be able to minimize the problem.After the implementation of this activity, the athletes get education regarding nutrition assistance, maximizing the performance of athletes through a diet that suits nutritional needs.As well as education and solutions related to improved performance. The conclusion of this activity is to provide education on nutrition assistance for young athletes in Palangka Raya City.

IDENTIFIKASI BAKAT OLAHRAGA SISWA KELAS VII SMP NEGERI 1 ANDONG BOYOLALI TAHUN 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential talents in the sports field of students at SMP Negeri 1 Andong Boyolali Regency in 2020. Knowing whether or not the student has a sports potential in the sports they are participating in. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, using test and measurement techniques. One-shot case study research design. The population in this study was 217 students, the sample of this study was 50 students who were taken by purposive sampling. The instrument used is the Sport Search method. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the talents or hobbies of the students include soccer as many as 33 students or 66%. According to 7 students, 13 students did not match, and 13 students did not match. Volleyball sports as many as 15 students or 30%. According to 9 students, less suitable for 1 student, not suitable for 5 students. Basketball as many as 2 students or 4%. According to 0 students, less suitable for 0 students, not suitable for 2 students. The total number of students who are not suitable and not suitable is 34 students or 68%. Has the potential in the sport of fast walking 9 students or 18%, high jump 10 students or 20%, 10 students or 20% shot put, 5 students running or 10%. Suggestions: (1) Physical education teachers are able to guide and direct students' talents. (2) Students are expected to join sports clubs.