FAULT-TOLERATE QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION OVER A COLLECTIVE-NOISE CHANNEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (07) ◽  
pp. 1101-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUN-YAN LI ◽  
YAN-SONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Systems ◽  
Collective Noise ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Intrinsic Efficiency ◽  
Decoherence Free Subspace ◽  
Bell State Measurements

We present two quantum key distribution (QKD) schemes over a collective-noise channel. Each logical qubit, composed of two physical qubits with a decoherence-free subspace, is immune to a collective noise and can carry one bit of information in theory. Although the receiver should prepare entangled two-photon quantum systems, he can read out the information encoded by the sender with two unitary operations on two photons, resorting to only two single-photon measurements, not Bell-state measurements, which makes these protocols simpler than others in experiment. These two QKD protocols are deterministic, not random, which makes the classical information exchanged be reduced largely. Also, they have a high intrinsic efficiency.

scholarly journals FAULT TOLERANT QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION BASED ON QUANTUM DENSE CODING WITH COLLECTIVE NOISE

2009 ◽  
Vol 07 (08) ◽  
pp. 1479-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
XI-HAN LI ◽  
BAO-KUI ZHAO ◽  
YU-BO SHENG ◽  
FU-GUO DENG ◽  
HONG-YU ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Secret Message ◽  
Noisy Channel ◽  
Collective Noise ◽  
Dense Coding ◽  
Quantum Dense Coding

We present two robust quantum key distribution protocols against two kinds of collective noise, following some ideas in quantum dense coding. Three-qubit entangled states are used as quantum information carriers, two of which form the logical qubit, which is invariant with a special type of collective noise. The information is encoded on logical qubits with four unitary operations, which can be read out faithfully with Bell-state analysis on two physical qubits and a single-photon measurement on the other physical qubit, not three-photon joint measurements. Two bits of information are exchanged faithfully and securely by transmitting two physical qubits through a noisy channel. When the losses in the noisy channel is low, these protocols can be used to transmit a secret message directly in principle.

AN EFFICIENT MULTIPARTY QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION SCHEME

2005 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZHAN-JUN ZHANG ◽  
ZHONG-XIAO MAN ◽  
SHOU-HUA SHI
Keyword(s):  
Single Particle ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Particle State ◽  
Secret Key ◽  
Beam Splitters ◽  
Two Photon

We propose a quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme in which four parties can simultaneously share a secret key via optical device. The participants divide the communication into two modes, namely, detecting mode and message mode. Taking advantage of controlled secret short key technology, the participants together can achieve the detecting mode or the message mode by switching between their two sets of optical devices. In the detecting mode, the key distributer Alice utilizes a single-photon state resource and two beam splitters and the other three participants Bob, Charlie and Dick use first-type devices to detect the superposition of vacuum and single-particle states. Hence, any eavesdropping can be found by using a variant of Bell's inequality. In the message mode, Alice uses a two-photon Bell-state resource and two polarization beam splitters instead of the single-particle state resource and beam splitters used in the detecting mode and the other three participants use second-type devices to detect photons. In this case, the secret key can be successfully distributed from Alice to the other three ones. Moreover, the present four-party QKD scheme can be generalized to a 2n-party QKD scheme by using n-photon Greenberg–Horne–Zeilinger.

Quantum key distribution: defeating collective noise without reducing efficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 845-856
Author(s):  
Song Lin ◽  
Gong-De Guo ◽  
Fei Gao ◽  
Xiao-Fen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Communication ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Collective Noise ◽  
Bb84 Protocol ◽  
Communication Efficiency ◽  
Valid Solution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Decoherence Free Subspace

Decoherence-free subspace (DFS) is a valid solution to realize quantum communication over a collective noise channel, and has been widely studied. Generally speaking, replacing a qubit with a DFS state will cause the reduction of communication efficiency. However, in this letter, it is shown that some kinds of noises may not lower the transmission rate of quantum key distribution. To illustrate it, we propose two quantum key distribution protocols based on Bell states. Here, two nonorthogonal and unbiased sets in a DFS are constructed by linear combination of particles at different positions. Since $n-1$ classical bits are distributed by using $2n$ qubits in our protocols, the transmission rate is close to that of noiseless BB84 protocol. Furthermore, when considering the cost of transmitting classical bits, the efficiencies of these protocols are even higher than that of BB84 protocol.

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution protocols against collective noise

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150195
Author(s):  
Yefeng He ◽  
Wenping Ma
Keyword(s):  
Coherent State ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Bell State ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Channel Noise ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Measurement Device Independent

In order to eliminate the influence of the channel noise, two new measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocols are proposed with logical quantum states. They can resist collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise, respectively. This paper produces logical quantum states by adding the auxiliary light sources, the CNOT operations and the Hadamard transforms in the system model. The main light sources and auxiliary light sources are flexible and easily implemented, since they can be weak coherent state (WCS) sources, heralded single-photon sources (HSPSs) or heralded pair coherent state (HPCS) sources. To generate one key bit, the new MDI-QKD protocols only need one logical qubit with two particles so that they have high qubit efficiency. Moreover, the new protocols also use partial Bell-state measurement (BSM) which is very easily implemented with existing technologies.

scholarly journals Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Takesue ◽  
Sae Woo Nam ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Robert H. Hadfield ◽  
Toshimori Honjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Photon Detectors ◽  
Single Photon Detectors ◽  
Channel Loss

ERROR-REJECTING BENNETT–BRASSARD–MERMIN QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION PROTOCOL BASED ON LINEAR OPTICS OVER A COLLECTIVE-NOISE CHANNEL

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (07) ◽  
pp. 1141-1151 ◽  
Author(s):  
XI-HAN LI ◽  
XIAO-JIAO DUAN ◽  
FU-GUO DENG ◽  
HONG-YU ZHOU
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Quantum Key Distribution ◽  
Quantum Information Processing ◽  
Key Distribution ◽  
Entangled State ◽  
Collective Noise ◽  
Linear Optics ◽  
Entanglement Purification ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Entangled Quantum States

Quantum entanglement is an important element of quantum information processing. Sharing entangled quantum states between two remote parties is a precondition of most quantum communication schemes. We will show that the protocol proposed by Yamamoto et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett.95 (2005) 040503) for transmitting single quantum qubit against collective noise with linear optics is also suitable for distributing the components of entanglements with some modifications. An additional qubit is introduced to reduce the effect of collective noise, and the receiver can take advantage of the time discrimination and the measurement results of the assistant qubit to reconstruct a pure entanglement with the sender. Although the scheme succeeds probabilistically, the fidelity of the entangled state is almost unity in principle. The resource used in our protocol to get a pure entangled state is finite, which establishes entanglement more easily in practice than quantum entanglement purification. Also, we discuss its application in quantum key distribution over a collective channel in detail.

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