Venture Capital and Innovation: Evidence from European Economic Area Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudra P. Pradhan ◽  
Rana P. Maradana ◽  
Danish B. Zaki ◽  
Saurav Dash ◽  
Manju Jayakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Long Run

The paper examines the long-run relationship between venture capital and innovation in the 19 European Economic Area (EEA) countries over the period 1989–2014. We use three different indicators of venture capital (VC), such as VC at early stage investment, VC at later stage investment, and VC total investment, and seven different indicators of innovation, such as patents-residents, patents-nonresidents, patents-total, research and development expenditure, researchers in research and development activities, high-technology exports, and scientific and technical journal articles, to examine this long-run relationship. Using cointegration technique, the study warrants the support of long-run relationship between venture capital and innovation in few cases, typically with reference to a particular VC indicator and innovation indicator. Expending the Granger causality test, the study finds the presence of both bidirectional and unidirectional causality between venture capital and innovation. However, these results vary from country-to-country within the EEA countries, depending upon the types of VC indicator and innovation indicator that we use in a particular empirical exploration process. The policy implication of this study is that the economic policies should recognize the differences in the venture capital and innovation in order to maintain the sustainable development in these EEA countries.

Nexus between venture capital and economic growth in European economic area countries: The Granger causality approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudra P. Pradhan ◽  
Rana P. Maradana ◽  
Danish B. Zaki ◽  
Saurav Dash ◽  
Manju Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Venture Capital ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area

scholarly journals Initial surveillance of 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in the European Union and European Economic Area, April – September 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (49) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Devaux ◽  
P Kreidl ◽  
P Penttinen ◽  
M Salminen ◽  
P Zucs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Pandemic Influenza ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA) countries reported surveillance data on 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) cases to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) through the Early Warning and Response System (EWRS) during the early phase of the 2009 pandemic. We describe the main epidemiological findings and their implications in respect to the second wave of the 2009 influenza pandemic. Two reporting systems were in place (aggregate and case-based) from June to September 2009 to monitor the evolution of the pandemic. The notification rate was assessed through aggregate reports. Individual data were analysed retrospectively to describe the population affected. The reporting peak of the first wave of the 2009 pandemic influenza was reached in the first week of August. Transmission was travel-related in the early stage and community transmission within EU/EEA countries was reported from June 2009. Seventy eight per cent of affected individuals were less than 30 years old. The proportions of cases with complications and underlying conditions were 3% and 7%, respectively. The most frequent underlying medical conditions were chronic lung (37%) and cardio-vascular diseases (15%). Complication and hospitalisation were both associated with underlying conditions regardless of age. The information from the first wave of the pandemic produced a basis to determine risk groups and vaccination strategies before the start of the winter wave. Public health recommendations should be guided by early capture of profiles of affected populations through monitoring of infectious diseases.

Policy Effects of Anti-Immigrant Party Representation on Aid to Vulnerable European Union/European Economic Area Citizens

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tyrberg ◽  
Carl Dahlström
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Welfare Policy ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Economic Area

While anti-immigrant parties have been electorally successful in European parliaments, it is still unclear whether they have influenced policies. This article contributes by investigating the anti-immigrant party policy impact on a previously unexplored welfare policy area, that concerning the mobility of vulnerable European Union/European Economic Area citizens. In Sweden, the aid offered to these citizens varies a great deal in different municipalities. Furthermore, the largest anti-immigrant party (Sweden Democrats) has, unlike the mainstream political parties, preferences for a strict policy in line with so-called welfare chauvinism. Taking advantage of this subnational variation, our data give us a unique opportunity to investigate whether anti-immigrant party representation impacts welfare policy outcomes. The empirical findings show a negative correlation between Sweden Democrats’ representation and the aid offered and indicates that municipalities where Sweden Democrats holds a pivotal position offer less aid to vulnerable European Union/European Economic Area citizens. The hypothesis that these effects are conditional upon the ideology of the ruling coalition is, however, not supported.

Examining year-end spending spikes in the European Economic Area: a comparative study of procurement contracts

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford P. McCue ◽  
Eric Prier ◽  
Ryan J. Lofaro
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Fourth Quarter ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Content Type ◽  
European Economic ◽  
Economic Area ◽  
Contract Type ◽  
Procurement Contracts

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze year-end spending practices in the European Economic Area (EEA) to baseline the pervasiveness of year-end spending spikes across countries in Europe.Design/methodology/approachThe Tenders Electronic Daily dataset is used to descriptively analyze above-threshold procurement contracts by country, year and contract type from 2009 to 2018. Proportional distributions are employed to compare percentages of spend across quarters. Analyses are run within each country on the number of years displaying a fourth quarter spike, as well as within each country and contract type.FindingsThe results show that while spending spikes for above-threshold contracts in the final fiscal quarter are not consistent across all countries, patterns emerge when the data are disaggregated by country. The most populous nations in the EEA are more likely to have years with the highest proportion of fiscal spend occurring in the fourth quarter. Further, the type of contract makes a difference – services and supplies contracts are more likely to display fourth quarter spikes than works contracts.Originality/valueThis article provides the first analysis of the year-end spending spike across countries in Europe using procurement data, as well as the first to disaggregate by year and contract type. Findings support the literature on the presence of year-end spikes; such spikes exist even for above-threshold public procurement contracts.

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