ON EINSTEIN CLUSTERS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 146-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREA GERALICO ◽  
FRANCESCA POMPI ◽  
REMO RUFFINI
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Galactic Halos ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
White Type ◽  
Constant Energy Density ◽  
The Stability

The classification of Einstein clusters based on the analysis of the stability of circular orbits according to the effective potential theory is compared with that resulting from the application of the maximum binding energy criterion. The stability properties are investigated for different choices of the energy density profile. The cases of clusters with constant energy density, those characterized by arbitrarily large values of the central gravitational redshift and clusters with Burkert-type and Navarro-Frenk-White-type energy density profiles used in the literature to model galactic halos are discussed.

scholarly journals Dark Energy of the Photon Space, Inflation of the Charged Black Holes and Universe Evolution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Dark Energy ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Cpt Symmetry ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Constant Energy Density ◽  
The Big Bang ◽  
Universe Evolution

Space-time evolution of our universe is explained by using the 3-dimensional quantized space model (TQSM) based on the 4-dimensional (4-D) Euclidean space. The energy (E = cDtDV), charges and energy density (|q| = r = cDt) and absolute time (ct) are newly defined based on the 4-D Euclidean space. The photon flat space with the constant energy density of r = cDtq is proposed as the dark energy (DE). The dark energy is separated into the n DE and photon DE which create the new photon spaces with the constant energy density of r = cDtq. The v DE is from the n pair production by the CPT symmetry and the photon DE is from the photon space pair production by the T symmetry. The vacuum energy crisis and Hubble’s constant puzzle are explained by the photon space with the n DE and photon DE. The big bang and inflation of the primary black hole is connected to the accelerated space expansion and big collapse of the photon space through the universe evolution. The big bang from the nothing is the pair production of the matter universe with the positive energy and the partner anti-matter universe with the negative energy from the CPT symmetry. Our universe is the matter universe with the negative charges of electric charge (EC), lepton charge (LC) and color charge (CC). This first universe is made of dark matter -, lepton -, and quark - primary black holes with the huge negative charges which cause the Coulomb repulsive forces much bigger than the gravitational forces. The huge Coulomb forces induce the inflation of the primary black holes, that decay to the super-massive black holes and particles.

Solitons of Kählerian space-time manifolds

2020 ◽  
pp. 2150021
Author(s):  
M. M. Praveena ◽  
C. S. Bagewadi ◽  
M. R. Krishnamurthy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Constant Energy ◽  
Conformal Curvature ◽  
Isotropic Pressure ◽  
Constant Energy Density ◽  
Curvature Tensors

We study solitons of almost pseudo symmetric Kählerian space-time manifold. It is considered that different curvature tensors like projective, conharmonic and conformal curvature tensors in almost pseudo symmetric Kählerian space-time manifolds are flat. It is shown that solitons are steady, expanding or shrinking under different relations of isotropic pressure, the cosmological constant, energy density and gravitational constant..

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