scholarly journals SOFIA-HIRMES: Looking Forward to the HIgh-Resolution Mid-infrarEd Spectrometer

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 1840015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel N. Richards ◽  
Samuel H. Moseley ◽  
Gordon Stacey ◽  
Matthew Greenhouse ◽  
Alexander Kutyrev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Transition Edge Sensor ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Water Ice ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Science Application

The HIgh-Resolution Mid-infrarEd Spectrometer (HIRMES) is the 3rd Generation Instrument for the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), currently in development at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), and due for commissioning in 2019. By combining direct-detection Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer arrays, grating-dispersive spectroscopy, and a host of Fabry-Perot tunable filters, HIRMES will provide the ability for high resolution ([Formula: see text]), mid-resolution ([Formula: see text]), and low-resolution ([Formula: see text]) slit-spectroscopy, and 2D Spectral Imaging ([Formula: see text] at selected wavelengths) over the 25–122[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]m mid to far infrared waveband. The driving science application is the evolution of proto-planetary systems via measurements of water-vapor, water-ice, deuterated hydrogen (HD), and neutral oxygen lines. However, HIRMES has been designed to be as flexible as possible to cover a wide range of science cases that fall within its phase-space, all whilst reaching sensitivities and observing powers not yet seen thus far on SOFIA, providing unique observing capabilities which will remain unmatched for decades.

scholarly journals Measurement and Implications of the Cosmic Microwave Background Spectrum

1996 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 17-29
Author(s):  
John C. Mather
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Scale Invariant ◽  
Background Spectrum ◽  
Nasa Goddard Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Infrared Background ◽  
Microwave Radiometers ◽  
The Big Bang

The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) was developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and microwave radiation from the early universe. It also measured emission from nearby sources such as the stars, dust, molecules, atoms, ions, and electrons in the Milky Way, and dust and comets in the Solar System. It was launched 18 November 1989 on a Delta rocket, carrying one microwave instrument and two cryogenically cooled infrared instruments. The Far Infrared Absolute Spectrophotometer (FIRAS) mapped the sky at wavelengths from 0.01 to 1 cm, and compared the CMBR to a precise blackbody. The spectrum of the CMBR differs from a blackbody by less than 0.03%. The Differential Microwave Radiometers (DMR) measured the fluctuations in the CMBR originating in the Big Bang, with a total amplitude of 11 parts per million on a 10° scale. These fluctuations are consistent with scale-invariant primordial fluctuations. The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) spanned the wavelength range from 1.2 to 240 μm and mapped the sky at a wide range of solar elongation angles to distinguish foreground sources from a possible extragalactic Cosmic Infrared Background Radiation (CIBR). In this paper we summarize the COBE mission and describe the results from the FIRAS instrument. The results from the DMR and DIRBE were described by Smoot and Hauser at this Symposium.

scholarly journals Different evolutionary stages in S235A-B

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S237) ◽  
pp. 412-412
Author(s):  
Marcello Felli ◽  
Fabrizio Massi ◽  
Riccardo Cesaroni
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Maser Line ◽  
Water Maser

AbstractThe star forming region S235A-B has been studied at high resolution with radio (IRAM Interferometer and VLA) and infrared (JCMT and Spitzer) observations. The region was mapped in HCO+, C34S, H2CS, SO2 and CH3CN as well as in the 1.2 and 3.3 continuum, in the cm continuum at 6, 3.6, 1.3 and 0.7 cm and in the 22 GHz water maser line, in the far infrared at 450 and 850 μm and in the mid infrared from 3.6 to 8 μm. Finally, use was made of the Medicina water maser patrol, from 1987 to 2005, to study the maser variability.

Low-Frequency Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Solids

1988 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Donini ◽  
K. H. Michaelian
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Research Quality ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Computational Procedures

Research-quality far-infrared photoacoustic (PA) spectra are obtainable with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, the only changes with respect to conventional mid-infrared PA spectroscopy being the use of (1) a caesium iodide or polyethylene window on the PA cell, and (2) a mylar beamsplitter. Far-infrared PA spectra of several solids (bentonite, Fe+3-bentonite, and asbestos), in addition to the PA reference carbon black, have been recorded in this way. In order to improve signal-to-noise ratios in one of the spectra, we recorded ten interferograms under identical conditions; it was found that the average of the ten individually calculated spectra displays less noise and fewer spurious features than the spectrum obtained by first averaging the interferograms and then calculating a single spectrum. The results of this investigation demonstrate the feasibility of far-infrared PA spectroscopy, and illustrate that both experimental and computational procedures should be optimized in order to obtain the most satisfactory spectra.

A High Resolution Vacuum Fourier Transform Far Infrared Spectrometer

1980 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Covey ◽  
D. G. Mead ◽  
D. R. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Vibrational Spectra ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Far Infrared Spectrometer

A vacuum infrared interferometric system for use to 5 cm−1 is outlined. Examples given include high resolution vibrational spectra of some gases.

High-resolution tunable mid-infrared spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in AgGaS_2

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (25) ◽  
pp. 4965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Vitcu ◽  
Richard Ciurylo ◽  
Roman Wehr ◽  
James R. Drummond ◽  
A. David May
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Difference Frequency Generation ◽  
Difference Frequency ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Frequency Generation

Interference effects in the spectrum of HD: V. the pure rotational and fundamental bands of liquid HD

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Clouter ◽  
A. R. W. McKellar
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Infrared Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Interference Effects ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Narrow Width ◽  
Solid Hd ◽  
Symmetric Shape

The infrared absorption spectrum of HD has been studied in the liquid phase at temperatures between 17 and 35 K. Results were obtained for the region of the pure rotational R0(0) transition in the far infrared (80–95 cm−1), and for the fundamental band in the mid infrared (3600–4000 cm−1), using a temperature-controlled moderate-pressure cell with a 1.5-cm path length and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer. The R0(0) line was found to have a symmetric shape, a rather narrow width (from 1.3 to 1.8 cm−1), and an intensity that is moderately enhanced by interference effects. The R1(0) transition was found to have a more complicated asymmetrie shape due to interference effects, and at low temperatures was found to consist of (at least) two components, which strongly resemble those observed in solid HD.

Research on the High Resolution Trace Gas Detection Based on the Differencefrequency Midinfrared Spectrometer

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-683
Author(s):  
陈东 CHEN Dong ◽  
张伯昆 ZHANG Bokun ◽  
胡燮 HU Xie ◽  
刘文清 LIU Wenqing ◽  
张玉钧 ZHANG Yujun
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Difference Frequency ◽  
Gas Detection ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Trace Gas Detection ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
The Difference

Development of a conical anode Fe-gun for low voltage SEM

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 978-979
Author(s):  
T. Miyokawa ◽  
S. Norioka ◽  
S. Goto
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Irradiation Damage ◽  
Cold Cathode ◽  
Virtual Source ◽  
Source Position ◽  
Electrostatic Lens ◽  
Electrostatic Lenses ◽  
Wide Range

Field emission SEMs (FE-SEMs) are becoming popular due to their high resolution needs. In the field of semiconductor product, it is demanded to use the low accelerating voltage FE-SEM to avoid the electron irradiation damage and the electron charging up on samples. However the accelerating voltage of usual SEM with FE-gun is limited until 1 kV, which is not enough small for the present demands, because the virtual source goes far from the tip in lower accelerating voltages. This virtual source position depends on the shape of the electrostatic lens. So, we investigated several types of electrostatic lenses to be applicable to the lower accelerating voltage. In the result, it is found a field emission gun with a conical anode is effectively applied for a wide range of low accelerating voltages.A field emission gun usually consists of a field emission tip (cold cathode) and the Butler type electrostatic lens.

Three-fold astigmatism: An important TEM aberration

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 972-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
M.L. Leber
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Azimuthal Angle ◽  
Hollow Cone ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Image Position

Three-fold astigmatism resembles regular astigmatism, but it has 3-fold rather than 2-fold symmetry. Its contribution to the aberration function χ(q) can be written as:where A3 is the coefficient of 3-fold astigmatism, λ is the electron wavelength, q is the spatial frequency, ϕ the azimuthal angle (ϕ = tan-1 (qy/qx)), and ϕ3 the direction of the astigmatism.Three-fold astigmatism is responsible for the “star of Mercedes” aberration figure that one obtains from intermediate lenses once their two-fold astigmatism has been corrected. Its effects have been observed when the beam is tilted in a hollow cone over a wide range of angles, and there is evidence for it in high resolution images of a small probe obtained in a field emission gun TEM/STEM instrument. It was also expected to be a major aberration in sextupole-based Cs correctors, and ways were being developed for dealing with it on Cs-corrected STEMs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document