Effects of Measurement Configurations on the Sensitivity of Morpho Butterfly Scales Based Chemical Biosensor

The Morpho butterfly wing with tree-shaped alternating multilayer is an effective chemical biosensor to distinguish between ambient medium, and its detection sensitivity is inextricably linked to the measurement configuration including incident angle, azimuthal angle, and so on. In order to reveal the effects and the selection of measurement configuration. In this work, the model of the Morpho butterfly wing is built using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis method by considering its profile is a rectangular-groove grating. On basis of the above model, the reflectivity of different diffraction orders at a different incident angle and azimuthal angle is calculated, and the influence of incident angle and azimuthal angle on performance of Morpho butterfly scales-based biosensor is analyzed. The optimal incident angle at each azimuthal angle is given according to the proposed choice rule, then the azimuthal angle and the corresponding incident angle can be selected further.

Energy efficiency using Distributed Generation; Cafeteria of Engineer Faculty Campeche, Mexico

In the present work, an integral design of the cafeteria located at Faculty of Engineering of Autonomous University of Campeche is carried out. Four scenarios of Photo Voltaic (PV) generation have been studied. A 14 PV modules arrangement of 440 each, with azimuthal angle of 180º and a slope angle of 15º; the other is similar to the previous, but the slope angle was 19.85º. The following was a 24 PV modules arrangement of 440, with an azimuthal angle of 218º and a slope angle of 15º. The last arrangement consists of 24 PV modules arrangement of 440, with azimuthal angle of 218º and a slope angle of 19.85º. Where all of them are associated with the economic aspect to obtain greater efficiency of the plant with minimum recovery time. The free software System Advisor Model (SAM) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has been employed. Complete seasonal analysis has also been performed considering Gran Demanda Media Ordinaria en México (GDMO de CFE in Mexico) within the period January 2020 to March 2021. The best results are energy generation 17,570 kWh. Capacity factor 19%. Energy performance 1,671 kWh/kW. Performance relation 0.74. Leveled cost 5.39 ¢/kWh. And return on investment in 0.6 years. The GD-PV plant prevents the emission into the atmosphere of 778.85 kg of CO2 equivalent.

Communication based on scattered laser radiation in a medium with high turbidity or in the presence of a noise source

The results of laboratory studies of an optical communication channel based on scattered radiation in the Big Aerosol Chamber of IAO SB RAS in a clean atmospheric environment, in the case of the chamber filled with vapor of the water-glycerin mixture, and in the presence of an noise laser source are analyzed. It is found that with the non-coplanar communication geometry in the chamber filled with the water-glycerin mixture, stable data transmission is possible with the azimuthal angle of orientation of the detector optical axis up to 5°. The error probability in the communication channel increases more slowly with an increase of the detector elevation angle in the chamber filled with the water-glycerin mixture than that in the chamber without this mixture does. The presence of an interfering laser radiation at a wavelength λ = 510 nm in the communication channel affects the communication quality. When the power of the noise laser source achieves 70 mW, the maximal error probability corresponds to 0.02.

Investigation of Angular Spectrum of Scattered Inert Gas Ions from the InGaP (001) Surface

It has been shown that this method is quite suitable for surface studies and diagnostics of many component materials. The values of the azimuthal angle of distribution of Ne, Ar and Xe ions scattered from InGaP (001) <110> are obtained. The relationship between the spatial variables of the scattered beam (mainly azimuthal angular spectra) and the type of ions has been established. The correlation between focusing properties of surface semichannel with a type of bombardment ion at the different angle of incidence has been shown.

Study of Multi-Pixel Scintillator Detector Configurations for Measuring Polarized Gamma Radiation

When a positron annihilates, two gamma photons are created with orthogonal polarizations. It is possible to use coincidence measurements where both photons undergo Compton scattering to estimate their initial relative polarization orientation. This information is of great interest in gamma imaging systems, such as Positron Emission Tomography, where it may be used as an additional tool to distinguish true coincidence events from scatter and random background. The successful utilization of this principle critically depends on the detector’s angular and energy resolution, which determine its polarimetric performance. In this study, we use Monte Carlo simulations based on the Geant4 toolkit to model two multi-pixel detector configurations identified as prospective for the measurement of gamma-ray polarization in PET. One is based on 2 mm × 2 mm × 20 mm LYSO scintillators and the other is based on 3 mm × 3 mm × 20 mm GAGG scintillators. Each configuration has a pair of modules, each consisting of 64 crystals set up in a single 8 × 8 matrix, where both the recoil electron and the Compton-scattered photon are absorbed. We simulate positron annihilation by generating two back-to-back gamma photons of 511 keV with orthogonal polarizations. The Compton scattering is successfully identified and the modulation of the azimuthal angle difference is clearly observed. The configuration based on GAGG crystals demonstrates slightly better polarimetric performance than the one based on LYSO crystals, reflected in the more pronounced azimuthal modulation.

Investigation of the Effect of Vegetation on Flow Structures and Turbulence Anisotropy around Semi-Elliptical Abutment

In the present experimental study, the effect of vegetation on flow structure and scour profile around a bridge abutment has been investigated. The vegetation in the channel bed significantly impacted the turbulent statistics and turbulence anisotropy. Interestingly, compared to the channel without vegetation, the presence of vegetation in the channel bed dramatically reduced the primary vortex, but less impacts the wake vortex. Moreover, the tangential and radial velocities decreased with the vegetation in the channel bed, while the vertical velocity (azimuthal angle > 90°) had large positive values near the scour hole bed. Results showed that the presence of the vegetation in the channel bed caused a noticeable decrease in the Reynolds shear stress. Analysis of the Reynolds stress anisotropy indicated that the flow had more tendency to be isotropic for the vegetated bed. Results have shown that the anisotropy profile changes from pancake-shaped to cigar-shaped in the un-vegetated channel. In contrast, it had the opposite reaction for the vegetated bed.

Propagation Property of a Second-order Noncanonical Optical Vortex Beam in a Strongly Focusing System

The noncanonical optical vortex is an optical vortex with a nonconstant phase gradient around its center, i.e. the phase is not a linear function of the azimuthal angle. The expression of the strongly focused field of a (conventional) second order noncanonical vortex beam has been derived analytically and the field distribution is discussed. It has been found that the intensity distribution at the focal plane can exbibit rich patterns, which is more complicated than that of the first-order. The transverse focal shift phenomenon in current case also exits and is changed with the semi-aperture angle α in a different way. It also can be seen that the intensity maxima can be one to four on the focal plane. Our research may provide a new method for controlling of the structured optical field, and will give theoretical supports for the study of higher-order noncanonical optical vortices.