scholarly journals A Thermodynamic Formulation of Home Prices in a Monocentric City

2020 ◽  
pp. 2050005
Author(s):  
Peter Tsung-Wen Yen ◽  
Mikhail Filippov ◽  
Siew Ann Cheong
Keyword(s):  
Housing Price ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Quantitative Agreement ◽  
Equilibrium Theory ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Business District ◽  
Distance Formula

In this work, we proposed a theoretical framework inspired by physical thermodynamics to explain the housing price distributions in monocentric cities. In the same spirit as the Alonso–Muth–Mills (AMM) model, we assume that the disposable income [Formula: see text] after renting a home a distance [Formula: see text] from the center of a city is determined by the wage [Formula: see text] generated at the point-like Central Business District (CBD), the rent [Formula: see text], and the transportation cost [Formula: see text]. Unlike in the AMM model, where the scaling exponents are phenomenological, we admitted only physically reasonable exponents for the scaling of various quantities with distance [Formula: see text] from the CBD. We then determine the equilibrium rent [Formula: see text] by requiring [Formula: see text], where we assumed for simplicity the utility function [Formula: see text] (representing the demand side) has diminishing return in [Formula: see text]. In the simplest model, the equilibrium rent is given by [Formula: see text], i.e., the scaling of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is entirely determined by [Formula: see text]. We then introduce additional home availability [Formula: see text] (representing the supply side) into the simple theory in the form of an entropic correction, [Formula: see text]. The equilibrium rent then becomes [Formula: see text]. This allows us to treat additional availability due to the two-dimensional nature of cities, as well as that due to high-rise buildings on equal footing. Finally, we compare the equilibrium theory against urban data in Singapore, London and Philadelphia. For Singapore, we find quantitative agreement between theory and data. For London, we find only qualitative agreement between theory and data because the transportation cost is zone based. For Philadelphia, the home price distribution is very different from Singapore and London, and shows clear signs of economic segregation, which is difficult to treat in our equilibrium theory.

scholarly journals Investigating Daylight in the Apartment Buildings in Melbourne, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Sehar Abidi ◽  
Priyadarsini Rajagopalan
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Apartment Buildings ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Business District

Daylighting improves users’ experience in visual comfort, aesthetics, behaviour and perception of space and plays an important part in enhancing the health and wellbeing of occupants inside a dwelling. However, daylighting design is challenging for high rise living since configuration of multiple apartments together often results in deep plans and wrongly oriented apartments with poor daylighting. Melbourne considered as the most liveable city in the world has witnessed a boom in high rise apartments in recent years, where bedrooms were designed without windows or with one small opening. Previous studies indicated that one out of two apartments in Melbourne’s central business district (CBD) failed to provide daylighting in the bedrooms. This has led to amendments in planning policy with the aim of providing access to daylight in all habitable rooms. This paper investigates the daylighting conditions in apartment buildings using field measurement and daylight simulations. Daylight levels in 12 apartment units in Melbourne CBD were measured. Additionally, daylight simulations were conducted to identify ways for optimizing light levels in standard layouts. The field measurements showed that daylighting levels were insufficient in one third the apartments due to the presence of deep floor plates and external obstructions. The results from the daylight simulations showed that window to floor area ratio (WFR) of approximately 30% is required for achieving acceptable daylighting levels in bedrooms that have south orientation.

scholarly journals Understanding the Influence of Building Loads on Surface Settlement: A Case Study in the Central Business District of Beijing Combining Multi-Source Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 3063
Author(s):  
Fengkai Li ◽  
Huili Gong ◽  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Mingliang Gao ◽  
Chaofan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Static Load ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Foundation Settlement ◽  
Settlement Rate ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Business District ◽  
Building Loads

In metropolitan areas, the static load of high-rise buildings may result in uneven settlement, which seriously threatens residents’ living safety. Studying the response relationship between the additional stress of high-rise buildings and foundation settlement plays an important role in ensuring the safe development of metropolitan cities. Firstly, based on Persistent Scatterers Interferometric Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) technology, we used 68 descending TerraSAR-X images to obtain the surface settlement in the study area from April 2010 to October 2018, which were validated with leveling benchmark monitoring results. Secondly, we calculated the additional stress of the building loads to quantify its effect on the uneven settlement in the Central Business District (CBD) of Beijing. Finally, two sets of characteristic points were selected to analyze the response relationships between foundation settlement and additional stress generated by building loads. The findings show: (1) The surface settlement rate varied from −145.2 to 24 mm/year in the Beijing Plain. The InSAR results agree well with the monitoring results derived from the leveling benchmark; the Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.98 and 0.95 in 2011–2013 and 2015–2016, respectively. (2) The stress results show that the depth of the influence of the static load of high-rise buildings was 74.9 m underground in the CBD. (3) The spatial distribution pattern of the additional stress is consistent with the foundation settlement. A characteristic point with greater additional stress in the same group has a higher foundation settlement rate. This relationship has also been found between the uneven foundation settlement and additional stress gradients. These findings provide scientific support for mitigating economic losses due to foundation settlement caused by additional stresses derived from building loads.

Like a Phoenix from the Ashes

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-46
Author(s):  
Micah E. Salkind
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Queer Of Color ◽  
Cultural Economies ◽  
House Music ◽  
Business District ◽  
Baseball Fans

Chapter 1 begins with a detailed historical account of rock radio station WLUP’s 1979 Disco Demolition Night promotion at Comiskey Stadium. The infamous event, at which baseball fans detonated a pile of disco records, was a flashpoint that presaged the codification of Chicago house music as a distinct set of cultural practices and sounds. Building on the work of urban cultural historians studying Chicago’s Black and brown cultural economies (Mumford, 1997; Heap, 2010; Green, 2007), this chapter historicizes the geographic and social frameworks that gave rise to house by showing how the demolition of musical artifacts surrogating queerness, blackness, and Latinidad sutured post-Great Migration histories of residential and economic segregation to new spaces for queer of color conviviality near Chicago’s central business district. Unlike previous accounts of the demolition (Cowie, 2010; Echols, 2010) that connect it to a national homophobic backlash against disco music, Do You Remember House? addresses the promotion as a phenomenon tied to Chicago’s particular histories of racial apartheid.

scholarly journals A detailed inventory of medium to high-rise buildings in Wellington's central business district

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Puranam ◽  
Olga Filippova ◽  
Jacob Pastor-Paz ◽  
Max Stephens ◽  
Kenneth J. Elwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Business District ◽  
City Council ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Building Inventory ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Recent Earthquakes ◽  
Business District ◽  
Available Information

Recent earthquakes in New Zealand not only highlighted the vulnerabilities of the existing building stock but also the need for: (i) a better understanding of the building inventory, and (ii) easy access to information for quicker response after an event. In the case of Wellington, efforts over the years by the City Council and other stakeholders have produced a number of useful datasets about the building inventory. These available datasets when put together are critical in understanding the composition and characteristics of the building inventory in Wellington. This paper describes the available information, and the process to combine the different strands of data possessed by multiple stakeholders into an effective and usable multi-disciplinary building inventory database for Wellington’s CBD. The uses and future directions for this collated database are also discussed.

scholarly journals Centripetal Cities: Using Big Data to Measure Job-Housing Separation Based on Employment-Residence-Commuting Trade-off

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lu ◽  
Chong Peng
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Housing Price ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Business District

Abstract With the advent of postindustrial society, populations are becoming increasingly concentrated in large cities, especially in urban centers. Here we study the “centripetal city” phenomenon. With many new service-industry jobs concentrated in central cities, people face the trade-off between employment, residence, and commuting. Using multisource big data from Shanghai, China, we develop a new job–housing separation index to reflect the trade-off between employment, housing price and commuting. We demonstrate that residents in central urban areas within a radius of approximately 20 km from the central business district tolerate job–housing separation in exchange for lower housing prices. Recent data indicate that job–housing separation accounts for 20% of housing prices. Our framework outperforms previous metrics, which not only provides a basis for understanding the formation and evolution of spatial structure in large cities, but can also guide wise planning and managing interventions for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

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