A channelised debris-avalanche deposit from Pirongia basaltic stratovolcano, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2020-222
Author(s):  
O. E. McLeod ◽  
A. Pittari
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Source Zone ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Debris Avalanche Deposit

AbstractA newly discovered, large volume (3.3 km3) volcanic debris-avalanche is described from the Pirongia Volcano in North Island, New Zealand. Mapping, field surveys and drill core data were used to reconstruct the distribution and facies of the deposit (the Oparau breccia). The debris avalanche was channelised into a lowland graben structure resulting in a prolonged runout distance of ≥20 km and substantial thickness of >200 m in medial areas. The deposit contains block and matrix facies dominated by ankaramite basalt sampled from the oldest parts of the volcanic edifice. The age of deposition of the Oparau breccia is constrained to the period 2.2-1.75 Ma. The collapse source zone is marked by a prominent unconformity on the southwestern flank of the mountain. Movement on faults within the graben is identified as the most likely cause of sector collapse. The collapse scarp is infilled by 5 km3 of post-collapse volcanic material.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5505549

Volcano-sedimentary processes at Las Derrumbadas rhyolitic twin domes, Serdán-Oriental basin, Eastern Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-144
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Guilbaud ◽  
Corentin Chédeville ◽  
Ángel Nahir Molina-Guadarrama ◽  
Julio Cesar Pineda-Serrano ◽  
Claus Siebe
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Density Currents ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mexican Volcanic Belt ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Eruptive Episode ◽  
Basin Floor ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt

AbstractThe eruption of the ∼10 km3 rhyolitic Las Derrumbadas twin domes about 2000 yrs ago has generated a wide range of volcano-sedimentary deposits in the Serdán-Oriental lacustrine basin, Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Some of these deposits have been quarried, creating excellent exposures. In this paper we describe the domes and related products and interpret their mode of formation, reconstructing the main phases of the eruption as well as syn-and-post eruptive erosional processes. After an initial phreatomagmatic phase that built a tuff ring, the domes grew as an upheaved plug lifting a thick sedimentary pile from the basin floor. During uplift, the domes collapsed repeatedly to form a first-generation of hetero-lithologic hummocky debris avalanche deposits. Subsequent dome growth produced a thick talus and pyroclastic density currents. Later, the hydrothermally-altered over-steepened dome peaks fell to generate 2nd generation, mono-lithologic avalanches. Subsequently, small domes grew in the collapse scars. From the end of the main eruptive episode onwards, heavy rains remobilized parts of the dome carapaces and talus, depositing lahar aprons. Las Derrumbadas domes are still an important source of sediments in the basin, and ongoing mass-wasting processes are associated with hazards that should be assessed, given their potential impact on nearby populations.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5752296

Provenance controls on volcaniclastic beach sand: example from the Aeolian Archipelago, Mediterranean Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-91
Author(s):  
Consuele Morrone ◽  
Emilia Le Pera ◽  
Kathleen M. Marsaglia ◽  
Rosanna De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Source Rocks ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Volcanic Origin ◽  
Petrographic Composition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mechanical Erosion ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Sandstone Composition ◽  
Aeolian Archipelago

AbstractSand and sandstone composition of volcanic origin may be clues to the provenance of the sediments and sedimentary rocks. Volcaniclastic provenance studies contribute significantly to unravel the sediment generation and provenance under investigation that in the Aeolian archipelago comprise preserved units of outcrops dominated by lava flows intercalated with air fall tephras as source rocks. The aim of this paper is the study of the petrographic composition and the textures of beach sands that may be used as a guide for the interpretation of provenance and origin of beach sand(stone)s rich in volcanic debris transported into deeper water. The composition of Aeolian beach deposits defines a single immature petrofacies with a high amount of unweathered glass and mafic minerals. Panarea island is dominated by dacites and new grain categories have been proposed to discriminate this provenance. Surface processes such as mechanical erosion (mass wasting and surface runoff) produce an overestimation of mafic components, with respect to the felsic ones in the beach sand fraction.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5608950

The Evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex: Constraints on Periodic Edifice Construction and Destruction by Sector Collapse

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-022
Author(s):  
Guillem Gisbert ◽  
Hugo Delgado-Granados ◽  
Martin Mangler ◽  
Julie Prytulak ◽  
Ramón Espinasa-Pereña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Complex Constraints ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
First Time

Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in North America. Its current predominantly mild activity is contrasted by a history of large effusive and explosive eruptions and sector collapse events, which was first summarised by Espinasa-Pereña and Martin-Del Pozzo (2006). Since then, a wealth of new radiometric, geophysical and volcanological data has been published, requiring a re-evaluation of the evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC). Herein, we combine existing literature with new field observations, aerial imagery and digital elevation model interpretations to produce an updated and improved reconstruction of the growth and evolution of the PVC through all of its history. This will be fundamental for the assessment and mitigation of risks associated with potential future high-magnitude activity of the PVC. The PVC consists of four successive volcanic edifices separated by three sector collapse events producing avalanche deposits: Tlamacas (>538 - >330 ka, described here for the first time), Nexpayantla (∼330 - >96 ka), Ventorrillo (∼96 ka - 23.5 ka) and Popocatépetl (<23.5ka) edifices. The newly described Tlamacas collapse propagated towards ENE forming part of the Mayorazgo avalanche deposit.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5709190

Volcanic debris avalanches - from collapse to hazards

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Roverato ◽  
Anja Dufresne ◽  
Jon Procter
Keyword(s):  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Volcano Collapse ◽  
Debris Avalanches ◽  
Destabilizing Factors ◽  
Volcanic Debris Avalanche ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Work Done

&lt;p&gt;This year marks the 40&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; anniversary of the 1980 Mt. St. Helens eruption and sector collapse. In acknowledgement to the vast research dedicated to understanding volcano collapse and debris avalanche dynamics, we have collated in a book the topic&amp;#8217;s current state of the art. Within 12 chapters, this book contains reviews of and new insights from the work done over the past four decades, and provides outlooks and recommendations for future research. It is part of the Springer Book Series &amp;#8216;Advances in Volcanology&amp;#8217; and the chapters contributed by a team of experts cover the following topics:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Introduction&amp;#160;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;A historical perspective on lateral collapse and debris avalanches&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Terminology and strategy to describe volcanic landslides and debris avalanches&amp;#160;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Distribution and geometric parameters of volcanic debris avalanche deposits&amp;#160;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Destabilizing factors that promote volcano flank collapse&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Volcanic debris avalanche transport kinematics and emplacement mechanisms&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Sedimentology of volcanic debris avalanche deposits&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Climatic and paleo-climatic implications&amp;#160;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Computer simulation of volcanic debris avalanches&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Volcanic debris avalanche deposits in the context of volcaniclastic ringplain successions&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Cyclicity in edifice destruction and regrowth&amp;#160;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Volcanic island lateral collapses and submarine volcanic debris avalanche deposits&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finally, the aim of the book is to reach the professional research community as well as students and a broader audience interested in hazard management in volcanic environments.&lt;/p&gt;

The Chimborazo sector collapse and debris avalanche: Deposit characteristics as evidence of emplacement mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bernard ◽  
Benjamin van Wyk de Vries ◽  
Diego Barba ◽  
Hervé Leyrit ◽  
Claude Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Debris Avalanche Deposit ◽  
Deposit Characteristics
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