The Evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex: Constraints on Periodic Edifice Construction and Destruction by Sector Collapse

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-022
Author(s):  
Guillem Gisbert ◽  
Hugo Delgado-Granados ◽  
Martin Mangler ◽  
Julie Prytulak ◽  
Ramón Espinasa-Pereña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Volcanic Complex ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Complex Constraints ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
First Time

Popocatépetl is one of the most active volcanoes in North America. Its current predominantly mild activity is contrasted by a history of large effusive and explosive eruptions and sector collapse events, which was first summarised by Espinasa-Pereña and Martin-Del Pozzo (2006). Since then, a wealth of new radiometric, geophysical and volcanological data has been published, requiring a re-evaluation of the evolution of the Popocatépetl Volcanic Complex (PVC). Herein, we combine existing literature with new field observations, aerial imagery and digital elevation model interpretations to produce an updated and improved reconstruction of the growth and evolution of the PVC through all of its history. This will be fundamental for the assessment and mitigation of risks associated with potential future high-magnitude activity of the PVC. The PVC consists of four successive volcanic edifices separated by three sector collapse events producing avalanche deposits: Tlamacas (>538 - >330 ka, described here for the first time), Nexpayantla (∼330 - >96 ka), Ventorrillo (∼96 ka - 23.5 ka) and Popocatépetl (<23.5ka) edifices. The newly described Tlamacas collapse propagated towards ENE forming part of the Mayorazgo avalanche deposit.Supplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5709190

The influence of volcanic supply on the composition of modern river sands: the case study of the Ofanto river, Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2021-89
Author(s):  
Mariano Tenuta ◽  
Paola Donato ◽  
Rocco Dominici ◽  
Rosanna De Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Pyroclastic Deposits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
High Production ◽  
Volcaniclastic Deposits ◽  
Pyroclastic Fall

AbstractThe Ofanto river drains volcanic rocks from the Monte Vulture, lacustrine-fluviolacustrine deposits associated with the same volcano and sedimentary deposits of the Southern Apennines and the Bradanic foredeep sequences. Comparing the modal composition of river sands and the outcrop area of different lithologies in the different sub-basins, an over-concentration of the volcaniclastic fraction, mainly represented by loose crystals of clinopyroxene, garnet and amphibole, is shown. This has been related to the preferential erosion of pyroclastic deposits, characterized by high production of sand-sized loose minerals, together with the carbonate lability and the low sand-sized detritus production from claystones and marls. The occurrence of volcaniclastic components upstream of Monte Vulture can be explained with a contribution from the lacustrine-fluviolacustrine deposits outcropping in the upstream sector or from pyroclastic fall deposits of Monte Vulture and/or Campanian volcanoes. This research shows that the volcanic record in the fluvial sands of the Ofanto river comes from weathering and sorting processes of volcaniclastic deposits rather than of the lavas building the main edifice. Therefore, caution must be taken during paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions when relating the type and abundance of the volcanic component in sediments to the weathering stage and evolutionary history of the volcano.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5643959

scholarly journals Validation of SRTM X Band DEM over Himalayan Mountain

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-4 ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Gupta ◽  
M. K. Singh ◽  
S. Snehmani ◽  
A. Ganju
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
X Band ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Himalayan Mountain ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Himalaya

The present research study assesses the accuracy of the SRTM X band DEM with respect to high accuracy photogrammetric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for parts of the Himalaya. The high resolution DEM was generated for Manali and nearby areas using digital aerial photogrammetric survey data of 40 cm Ground Sampling Distance (GSD) captured through airborne ADS80 pushbroom camera for the first time in Indian Himalayan context. This high resolution DEM was evaluated with Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) points for accuracy assessment. The ADS80-DEM gave root mean square error (RMSE) of ~<1m and linear error of 1.60 m at 90 % confidence (LE 90) when compared with the DGPS points. The overall RMSE in vertical accuracy was 73.36 m while LE 90 was 75.20 m with regard to ADS80 DEM. It is observed that the accuracy achieved for part of Himalayan region is far less as compared to the values officially claimed. Thus, SRTM X band DEM should be used with due care in mountainous regions of Himalaya.

scholarly journals Quaternary formations mapping in the region of Volta Grande do Rio Uruguai (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e174174
Author(s):  
Sandra Cristina Deodoro ◽  
William Zanete Bertolini ◽  
Plinio da Costa Temba
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Valley Bottom ◽  
Model Soil ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Topographic Attributes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elevation Model

Quaternary formations (detrital and weathered materials) are an important natural resource for different areas of scientific investigation, from understanding their relation to erosive processes and morphodynamic processes that create landforms or to understanding the history of the first human settlements (geoarcheology). Quaternary coverings can be formed in situ or be transported by external geologic agents. Regarding soils, Quaternary formations are related to landscape topography and are transformed according to the characteristics of this topography. Hence, classifying and mapping these soils is not always easy. The present article aims to map the Quaternary formations along a stretch of the Uruguay River basin  known as Volta Grande (SC/RS-Brazil), by using  topographic attributes derived from the SRTM GL1-Up Sampled digital elevation model, soil particle-size analysis, and a generated Multiresolution Index of Valley Bottom Flatness (MRVBF) index . The results of the analysis show that: (i) colluvium is the predominant Quaternary formation in the study area; (ii) there is a predominance of clay, corroborating previous studies of the region; (iii) the spatial distribution of the study area’s  Quaternary formations reflect local slope dynamics based on morphology and topographic position; and, (iv) the existence of colluvium-alluvium on the Uruguay River’s banks indicates that slope attributes contributed to the pedogeomorphological dynamics of the study area and not only fluvial dynamics. Based on the results, the methodology applied in this study might be useful for pedogeomorphological studies, notably in the analysis and mapping of Quaternary formations, despite some of its limitations.

scholarly journals Volkanostratigrafi Inderaan Jauh Kompleks Gunungapi Gede dan Sekitarnya, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Fitriani Agustin ◽  
Sutikno Bronto
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Geological Mapping ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elevation Model

Remote sensing technology greatly helps to identify the various of volcano features, including active, old and ancient volcanoes. The aim of this  paper is intended to introduce various volcanic features in the Gede Volcano Complexs (GVC) and souronding area; compose volcanostratigraphy; and estimate the history of the volcanoes. The method used is a visual interpretation 9 meters spatial resolution of Digital Elevation Model (DEM) TerraSar-x image. Indonesian Stratigraphy Nomenclature Guide 1996 was implemented in vocanostratigraphy unit classification, involving Arc, Super Brigate, Brigate, Crown and Hummockly. Based on the interpretation the DEM image, volcanostratigraphic unit the Gede Volcano Complex consists of Bregade Masigit (Br. M.), which consists of Joklok (Gm.J.) and Gegerbentang (Gm.G.) Hummocs; Crown Lingkung (Kh.L.) consisting of Pangrango (Gm.P.), Situ Gunung (Gm Sg.), Cikahuripan (Gm.Ck.), Pasir Prahu (Gm.Ph) Hummocs; Gege Crown (Kh.G.), which is located in the east of Lingkung Crown. The Gede Crown consists of Gumuruh humock (Gm.Gh.), Gunung Gede lava flows (LG 1,2,3,4,5), and giant debrise avalances (gv-G). The geological mapping based volcanostratigraphy is very useful for exploration of mineral and energy resources, as well as geological hazards.Keywords : volcanostratigraphy, DEM TerraSar-x image, Gunung Gede Complexs.

scholarly journals Digital Segusio: from models generation to urban reconstruction

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (15) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Antonia Spanò ◽  
Filiberto Chiabrando ◽  
Livio Dezzani ◽  
Antonio Prencipe
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Land Survey ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The City

<p>The reconstructive study of the urban arrangement of Susa in the 4th century arose from the intention to exploit some resources derived from local studies, and survey activities, fulfilled by innovative methods from which the modelling of architectural heritage (AH) and virtual reconstructions are derived.  The digital Segusio presented in this paper is the result of intensive discussion and exchange of data and information during the urban landscape documentation activities, and due to the technology of virtual model generation, making it possible to recreate the charm of an ancient landscape. The land survey has been accomplished using aerial and terrestrial acquisition systems, mainly through digital photogrammetry from UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and terrestrial laser scanning.  Results obtained from both the methods have been integrated into the medium scale geographical data from the regional map repository, and some processing and visualization supported by GIS (Geographical Information System) has been achieved. Subsequently, with the help of accurate and detailed DEM (Digital Elevation Model) and other architectural scale models related to the ancient heritage, this ancient landscape was modelled. The integration of the history of this city with digital and multimedia resources will be offered to the public in the city museum housed in the restored castle of Maria Adelaide (Savoy dynasty, 11th century), which stands in the place where the acropolis of the city of Susa lay in ancient times.</p>

A channelised debris-avalanche deposit from Pirongia basaltic stratovolcano, New Zealand

2021 ◽  
pp. SP520-2020-222
Author(s):  
O. E. McLeod ◽  
A. Pittari
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Debris Avalanche ◽  
Source Zone ◽  
Sector Collapse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Runout Distance ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Volcanic Debris ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Debris Avalanche Deposit

AbstractA newly discovered, large volume (3.3 km3) volcanic debris-avalanche is described from the Pirongia Volcano in North Island, New Zealand. Mapping, field surveys and drill core data were used to reconstruct the distribution and facies of the deposit (the Oparau breccia). The debris avalanche was channelised into a lowland graben structure resulting in a prolonged runout distance of ≥20 km and substantial thickness of >200 m in medial areas. The deposit contains block and matrix facies dominated by ankaramite basalt sampled from the oldest parts of the volcanic edifice. The age of deposition of the Oparau breccia is constrained to the period 2.2-1.75 Ma. The collapse source zone is marked by a prominent unconformity on the southwestern flank of the mountain. Movement on faults within the graben is identified as the most likely cause of sector collapse. The collapse scarp is infilled by 5 km3 of post-collapse volcanic material.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5505549

scholarly journals Validation of High-resolution and Simple River Monitoring Technique using UAV-SFM Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5409-5414
Keyword(s):  
Correction Method ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Error Analyses ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Submerged Area ◽  
First Time

This study tested the accuracy and precision of the UAV-SfM method, an automated photogrammetry technique called SfM (Structure from Motion) using multiple pictures taken by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), in a section of Saba river, Yamaguchi, Japan. The method was applied in the submerged area as well as in the exposed area, taking into account the refraction at the water surface, for the first time in domestic rivers. When the resultant DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is considered as the map of riverbed elevation, the RMS (Root Mean Square) error and R2 (coefficient of determination) of UAV-SfM were 0.165 m and 0.93, respectively. In pixels with thick algae cover, large apparent overestimations reaching 0.351 m at maximum were observed because UAV-SfM actually measures the algae surface elevation, not the riverbed elevation. Error analyses also showed that the refraction correction method adopted in this study is working well in spite of its simplicity.

Estimation of solar radiation from digital elevation model in area of rough topography

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 453-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lurwan Mahmoud Sabo ◽  
Norman Mariun ◽  
Hashim Hizam ◽  
Mohd Amran Mohd Radzi ◽  
Azmi Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Digital Elevation Model ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Topographic Parameters

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the technique for estimating solar radiation in areas of rough topography and to detect the source of error and means for improvement. Design/methodology/approach Spatial data of the study area in the form of digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with geographic information system (GIS) were used to estimate the monthly solar radiation at locations with rough topography. The generated data were compared with measured data collected from all the selected locations using NASA data. Findings The results show that the variation in topographic parameters has a strong influence on the amount of solar radiation received by two close locations. However, the method performed well for solar radiation estimated in the areas of rough topography. Research limitations/implications The proposed approach overestimates the monthly solar radiation as compared with NASA data due to the impact of topographic parameters accounted for by the model which are not accounted by conventional methods of measurements. This approach can be improved by incorporating the reflected component of radiation in the model used to estimate the solar radiation implemented in the GIS. Originality/value The approach of using GIS with DEM to estimate solar radiation enables to identify the spatial variability in solar radiation between two closest locations due to the influence of topographic parameters, and this will assist in proper energy planning and decision making for optimal areas of solar photovoltaic installation.

Inherited structure as a control on late Paleozoic and Mesozoic exhumation of the Tarbagatai Mountains, southeastern Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2020-121
Author(s):  
Jack Gillespie ◽  
Stijn Glorie ◽  
Gilby Jepson ◽  
Fedor Zhimulev ◽  
Dmitriy Gurevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Late Paleozoic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Tectonic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Intracontinental Deformation ◽  
Insight Into

Central Asia hosts the Tianshan, the largest intracontinental mountain belt in the world, which experienced major reactivation and uplift since the Oligocene in response to the collision of India with Asia. This reactivation was focused around pre-existing structures inherited from the Paleozoic tectonic history of the region. The significant Cenozoic tectonic reworking of Central Asia complicates efforts to understand earlier phases of intracontinental tectonics during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic. The Tarbagatai Mountains of eastern Kazakhstan record a thermotectonic history that provides insight into the timing and distribution of intracontinental tectonic activity in Central Asia prior to the India-Eurasia collision. Apatite fission track and (U-Th-Sm)/He analysis of igneous samples from the Tarbagatai Mountains reveals two episodes of cooling as a result of exhumation following Paleozoic amalgamation. Initial intracontinental deformation during the Late Permian drove exhumation synchronous with activity along newly formed strike-slip faults spanning the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The major Chingiz-Tarbagatai Fault was reactivated during the Early Cretaceous, driving localised exhumation along the fault. The relative lack of Cenozoic tectonic activity in the Tarbagatai Mountains means they provide unique insight into the broader thermotectonic evolution of Central Asia during the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic.Supplementary material: Detailed thermochronological data, including plots and tables can be found in the supplementary data https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5414555.

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