scholarly journals The Role of Word-Eye-Fixations for Query Term Prediction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Davari ◽  
Daniel Hienert ◽  
Dagmar Kern ◽  
Stefan Dietze
Keyword(s):  
Query Term ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Term Prediction

Affective significance enhances covert attention: Roles of anxiety and word familiarity

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel G. Calvo ◽  
Michael W. Eysenck
Keyword(s):  
Covert Attention ◽  
Probe Word ◽  
Word Knowledge ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
High Anxiety ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Word Familiarity

To investigate the processing of emotional words by covert attention, threat-related, positive, and neutral word primes were presented parafoveally (2.2° away from fixation) for 150 ms, under gaze-contingent foveal masking, to prevent eye fixations. The primes were followed by a probe word in a lexical-decision task. In Experiment 1, results showed a parafoveal threat–anxiety superiority: Parafoveal prime threat words facilitated responses to probe threat words for high-anxiety individuals, in comparison with neutral and positive words, and relative to low-anxiety individuals. This reveals an advantage in threat processing by covert attention, without differences in overt attention. However, anxiety was also associated with greater familiarity with threat words, and the parafoveal priming effects were significantly reduced when familiarity was covaried out. To further examine the role of word knowledge, in Experiment 2, vocabulary and word familiarity were equated for low- and high-anxiety groups. In these conditions, the parafoveal threat–anxiety advantage disappeared. This suggests that the enhanced covert-attention effect depends on familiarity with words.

scholarly journals Cultural background modulates how we look at other persons’ gaze

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Senju ◽  
Angélina Vernetti ◽  
Yukiko Kikuchi ◽  
Hironori Akechi ◽  
Toshikazu Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Gaze Shift ◽  
Gaze Aversion ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Face Scanning

The current study investigated the role of cultural norms on the development of face-scanning. British and Japanese adults’ eye movements were recorded while they observed avatar faces moving their mouth, and then their eyes toward or away from the participants. British participants fixated more on the mouth, which contrasts with Japanese participants fixating mainly on the eyes. Moreover, eye fixations of British participants were less affected by the gaze shift of the avatar than Japanese participants, who shifted their fixation to the corresponding direction of the avatar’s gaze. Results are consistent with the Western cultural norms that value the maintenance of eye contact, and the Eastern cultural norms that require flexible use of eye contact and gaze aversion.

scholarly journals Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
Candace E. Peacock ◽  
Gwendolyn Rehrig
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Attentional Guidance ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Image Saliency ◽  
Scene Description ◽  
Traditional Image

Perception of a complex visual scene requires that important regions be prioritized and attentionally selected for processing. What is the basis for this selection? Although much research has focused on image salience as an important factor guiding attention, relatively little work has focused on semantic salience. To address this imbalance, we have recently developed a new method for measuring, representing, and evaluating the role of meaning in scenes. In this method, the spatial distribution of semantic features in a scene is represented as a meaning map. Meaning maps are generated from crowd-sourced responses given by naïve subjects who rate the meaningfulness of a large number of scene patches drawn from each scene. Meaning maps are coded in the same format as traditional image saliency maps, and therefore both types of maps can be directly evaluated against each other and against maps of the spatial distribution of attention derived from viewers’ eye fixations. In this review we describe our work focusing on comparing the influences of meaning and image salience on attentional guidance in real-world scenes across a variety of viewing tasks that we have investigated, including memorization, aesthetic judgment, scene description, and saliency search and judgment. Overall, we have found that both meaning and salience predict the spatial distribution of attention in a scene, but that when the correlation between meaning and salience is statistically controlled, only meaning uniquely accounts for variance in attention.

The role of eye fixations in concentration and amplification effects during multiple object tracking

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Doran ◽  
James E. Hoffman ◽  
Brian J. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Object Tracking ◽  
Multiple Object Tracking ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Multiple Object

The role of eye fixations in amplification and concentration effects during MOT

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Doran ◽  
James E. Hoffman ◽  
Brian J. Scholl
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Eye Fixations

scholarly journals Predicting Imminent Suicidal Thoughts and Nonfatal Attempts: The Role of Complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 941-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D. Ribeiro ◽  
Xieyining Huang ◽  
Kathryn R. Fox ◽  
Colin G. Walsh ◽  
Kathryn P. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Past Research ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Term Prediction ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Short Term Prediction ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts And Behaviors

For decades, our ability to predict suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) has been at near-chance levels. The objective of this study was to advance prediction by addressing two major methodological constraints pervasive in past research: (a) the reliance on long follow-ups and (b) the application of simple conceptualizations of risk. Participants were 1,021 high-risk suicidal and/or self-injuring individuals recruited worldwide. Assessments occurred at baseline and 3, 14, and 28 days after baseline using a range of implicit and self-report measures. Retention was high across all time points (> 90%). Risk algorithms were derived and compared with univariate analyses at each follow-up. Results indicated that short-term prediction alone did not improve prediction for attempts, even using commonly cited “warning signs”; however, a small set of factors did provide fair-to-good short-term prediction of ideation. Machine learning produced considerable improvements for both outcomes across follow-ups. Results underscore the importance of complexity in the conceptualization of STBs.

scholarly journals Carpet or cárcel: the effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Brick
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
Age Of Acquisition ◽  
Lexical Competition ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Spanish Cohort

Lexical access was examined in English-Spanish bilinguals by monitoring eye fixations on target and lexical competitors as participants followed spoken instructions in English to click on one of the objects presented on a computer (e.g., ‘Click on the beans’). Within-language lexical competitors had a phoneme onset in English that was shared with the target (e.g., ‘beetle’). Between-language lexical competitors had a phoneme onset in Spanish that was shared with the target (‘bigote’, ‘mustache’ in English). Participant groups varied in their age-of-acquisition of English and Spanish, and were examined in one of three language modes (Grosjean, 1998, 2001). A strong within- language (English) lexical competition (or cohort effect) was modulated by language mode and age of second language acquisition. A weaker between-language (Spanish) cohort effect was influenced primarily by the age-of-acquisition of Spanish. These results highlight the role of age-of- acquisition and mode in language processing. They are discussed in comparison to previous studies addressing the role of these two variables and in terms of existing models of bilingual word recognition.Canseco-Gonzalez, E., Brehm, L., Brick, C., Brown-Schmidt, S., Fischer, K., & Wagner, K. (2010). Carpet or cárcel: the effect of age of acquisition and language mode on bilingual lexical access. Language and Cognitive Processes, 25(5), 669-705. doi.org/10.1080/01690960903474912

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