Hardware Acceleration for Embedded Keyword Spotting: Tutorial and Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
J. S. P. Giraldo ◽  
Marian Verhelst
Keyword(s):  
Hardware Acceleration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Keyword Spotting ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Hardware Platforms ◽  
Real Challenge

In recent years, Keyword Spotting (KWS) has become a crucial human–machine interface for mobile devices, allowing users to interact more naturally with their gadgets by leveraging their own voice. Due to privacy, latency and energy requirements, the execution of KWS tasks on the embedded device itself instead of in the cloud, has attracted significant attention from the research community. However, the constraints associated with embedded systems, including limited energy, memory, and computational capacity, represent a real challenge for the embedded deployment of such interfaces. In this article, we explore and guide the reader through the design of KWS systems. To support this overview, we extensively survey the different approaches taken by the recent state-of-the-art (SotA) at the algorithmic, architectural, and circuit level to enable KWS tasks in edge, devices. A quantitative and qualitative comparison between relevant SotA hardware platforms is carried out, highlighting the current design trends, as well as pointing out future research directions in the development of this technology.

Strategies on Addressing Contract Cheating

2019 ◽  
pp. 176-198
Author(s):  
Eric Kong ◽  
Steven Ching-Nam Goh ◽  
Benjamen Franklen Gussen ◽  
Joanna Turner ◽  
Lindy-Anne Abawi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Misconduct ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contract Cheating ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Real Challenge

Contract cheating is becoming a real challenge to many universities. Not only is it a relatively new phenomenon, but also it is difficult to prove as the work is often original and unlikely to be detected using standard anti-plagiarism text-matching services such as Turnitin or Erkund. Using a literature review approach, this chapter examines why students in general would take risks to engage in contract cheating and what strategies could be implemented to prevent or lower the chance for them to be engaged in this type of academic misconduct. An Australian regional university, which is also a leader in distance learning in the country, was used as a case for this study. The findings and recommendations provide insights for Australian university policy-makers when developing strategies, procedures and policies to face this issue. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals Integrated Diagnostics and Prognostics of Rotating Machinery

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kam W. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Failure Models ◽  
Integrated Diagnostics

This paper provides an overview of current research efforts in integrated diagnostics and prognostics of rotating machinery. Specifically, the following topics are discussed: sensing techniques and sensors; signal detection, identification and extraction; classification of faults; predictive failure models; data/model fusion; information management; and man–machine interface. Technical issues, recommendations, and future research directions are also addressed.

Strategies on Addressing Contract Cheating

2017 ◽  
pp. 206-228
Author(s):  
Eric Kong ◽  
Steven Ching-Nam Goh ◽  
Benjamen Franklen Gussen ◽  
Joanna Turner ◽  
Lindy-Anne Abawi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Academic Misconduct ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contract Cheating ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
University Policy ◽  
Regional University ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Real Challenge

Contract cheating is becoming a real challenge to many universities. Not only is it a relatively new phenomenon, but also it is difficult to prove as the work is often original and unlikely to be detected using standard anti-plagiarism text-matching services such as Turnitin or Erkund. Using a literature review approach, this chapter examines why students in general would take risks to engage in contract cheating and what strategies could be implemented to prevent or lower the chance for them to be engaged in this type of academic misconduct. An Australian regional university, which is also a leader in distance learning in the country, was used as a case for this study. The findings and recommendations provide insights for Australian university policy-makers when developing strategies, procedures and policies to face this issue. Limitations and future research directions are also discussed.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF INTER CELL INTERFERENCE MANAGEMENT IN REGULAR AND IRREGULAR GEOMETRY CELLULAR NETWORKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
Rahat Ullah ◽  
Fahim Ullah ◽  
Zubair Khalid ◽  
Hashim Safdar
Keyword(s):  
Interference Management ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Irregular Geometry ◽  
Wireless Cellular Systems ◽  
Inter Cell Interference

This paper reviews the inter-cell interference (ICI) mitigation approaches in the OFDMA based multicellular networks with more emphasis on the frequency reused based ICI coordination schemes in the downlink systems. The geometry of the network severely affects the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR); therefore, the wireless cellular systems are strongly dependent on the spatial BSs configuration and topology of a network. ICI mitigation techniques for both regular and irregular geometry networks are analyzed and a qualitative comparison along with the future research directions are presented.

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