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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Fitzwilliam

<p>Pedestrian bridge design is becoming more demanding and challenging as architects and engineers utilize the full measure of design ability available with current design software. This presentation will review the design process for the more unique aspects of this suspension bridge. The presentation will conclude with lessons learned during the design process. Observations from the design of this bridge will form the basis of recommendations for the enhanced design and testing specifications for cable supported bridges.</p>


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyun Zhou ◽  
Shui Wan

Abstract Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been gradually used in structure engineering due to its excellent mechanical performance, however, predicting the shear capacity of the UHPC beams is still a challenge, especially for the beams with small shear span to depth ratios. To address this issue, this paper devotes to developing a rational model to predict the shear capacity of the UHPC beams with stirrups based on the modified compression field theory (MCFT) and plastic theory. The shear force will be balanced by the stirrups, matrix, fibers and shear compression zone. The contribution of stirrups, matrix and fibers on shear capacity can be predicted by MCFT, and the contribution of compression zone is determined based on plastic theory. 12 UHPC beams was designed and tested to validate the proposed model. It can be found that the predictions agree well with test results, while the current design codes, including SETRA-AFGC and SIA, give overly conservative values for UHPC beams when the shear to span is less than 2.5.


PCI Journal ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn Remitz ◽  
Martin Empelmann

Pretensioned concrete beams are widely used as bridge girders for simply supported bridges. Understanding the fatigue behavior of such beams is very important for design and construction to prevent fatigue failure. The fatigue behavior of pretensioned concrete beams is mainly influenced by the fatigue of the prestressing strands. The evaluation of previous test results from the literature indicated a reduced fatigue life in the long-life region compared with current design methods and specifications. Therefore, nine additional high-cycle fatigue tests were conducted on pretensioned concrete beams with strand stress ranges of about 100 MPa (14.5 ksi). The test results confirmed that current design methods and specifications overestimate the fatigue life of embedded strands in pretensioned concrete beams.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Maciej Sydor ◽  
Agata Bonenberg ◽  
Beata Doczekalska ◽  
Grzegorz Cofta

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) have attracted growing attention due to their role in the development of eco-design methods. We concurrently analysed scientific publications, patent documents, and results of our own feasibility studies to identify the current design issues and technologies used. A literature inquiry in scientific and patent databases (WoS, Scopus, The Lens, Google Patents) pointed to 92 scientific publications and 212 patent documents. As a part of our own technological experiments, we have created several prototype products used in architectural interior design. Following the synthesis, these sources of knowledge can be concluded: 1. MBCs are inexpensive in production, ecological, and offer a high artistic value. Their weaknesses are insufficient load capacity, unfavourable water affinity, and unknown reliability. 2. The scientific literature shows that the material parameters of MBCs can be adjusted to certain needs, but there are almost infinite combinations: properties of the input biomaterials, characteristics of the fungi species, and possible parameters during the growth and subsequent processing of the MBCs. 3. The patent documents show the need for development: an effective method to increase the density and the search for technologies to obtain a more homogeneous internal structure of the composite material. 4. Our own experiments with the production of various everyday objects indicate that some disadvantages of MBCs can be considered advantages. Such an unexpected advantage is the interesting surface texture resulting from the natural inhomogeneity of the internal structure of MBCs, which can be controlled to some extent.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tiago Custódio ◽  
Cristiano Alves ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Jorge Silva ◽  
Carlos Rodrigues ◽  
...  

The current design paradigm of car cabin components assumes seats aligned with the driving direction. All passengers are aligned with the driver that, until recently, was the only element in charge of controlling the vehicle. The new paradigm of self-driving cars eliminates several of those requirements, releasing the driver from control duties and creating new opportunities for entertaining the passengers during the trip. This creates the need for controlling functionalities that must be closer to each user, namely on the seat. This work proposes the use of low-cost capacitive touch sensors for controlling car functions, multimedia controls, seat orientation, door windows, and others. In the current work, we have reached a proof of concept that is functional, as shown for several cabin functionalities. The proposed concept can be adopted by current car manufacturers without changing the automobile construction pipeline. It is flexible and can adopt a variety of new functionalities, mostly software-based, added by the manufacturer, or customized by the end-user. Moreover, the newly proposed technology uses a smaller number of plastic parts for producing the component, which implies savings in terms of production cost and energy, while increasing the life cycle of the component.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Du

Nightingale 1 is a well-designed, community-led building for owner-occupiers in Brunswick, Melbourne, which is continuously awarded as the top five of the most livable cities in the world. To identify sustainability aspects of the Nightingale 1, the study will not only investigate local topographic characteristics and solar performance but also demonstrate the advantages or disadvantages of the current design related to the solar analysis. Based on the analysis, the study will propose improvements of thermal comfort in the housing project.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Abambres ◽  
Lantsoght E

<p>Comparing experimental results on the shear capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without mild steel stirrups, to the ones predicted by current design equations and other available formulations, still shows significant differences. In this paper we propose the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the shear capacity of these members. A database of 430 test results reported in the literature is used to develop an artificial neural network-based formula that predicts the shear capacity of SFRC beams without shear reinforcement. The proposed model yields maximum and mean relative errors of 0.0% for the 430 data points, which represents a better prediction (mean <i>V<sub>test</sub> / V<sub>ANN</sub></i> = 1.00 with a coefficient of variation of 1× 10<sup>-15</sup>) than the existing expressions, where the best model yields a mean value of <i>V<sub>test </sub>/ V<sub>pred</sub></i> = 1.01 and a coefficient of variation of 27%.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Ng ◽  
Mark A. Elgar ◽  
Devi Stuart-Fox

Bioinspiration and biomimetics is a rapidly growing field where insights from biology are used to solve current design challenges. Nature provides an abundance of inspiration to draw upon, yet biological information is under-exploited due to a concerning lack of engagement from biologists. To assess the extent of this problem, we surveyed the current state of the field using the Web of Science database and found that only 41% of publications on bioinspired or biomimetic research included an author affiliated with a biology-related department or organisation. In addition, most publications focus exclusively on a limited range of popular model species. Considering these findings, we highlight key reasons why greater engagement from biologists will enable new and significant insights from natural selection and the diversity of life. Likewise, biologists are missing unique opportunities to study biological phenomena from the perspective of other disciplines, particularly engineering. We discuss the importance of striving toward a bioinformed approach, as current limitations in the field can only be overcome with a greater understanding of the ecological and evolutionary contexts behind each bioinspired/biomimetic solution.


Author(s):  
Melina Forooraghi ◽  
Elke Miedema ◽  
Nina Ryd ◽  
Holger Wallbaum

This study investigated the current design circumstances of an office as well as employees’ perceptions of the office environment in relation to their perceived health, drawing on sense of coherence theory (comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness). Previous studies have related the physical office environment to employee health. However, most studies have focused on alleviating negative effects, while health-promoting potential, including employee sense of coherence, has been overlooked. This study adopted a mixed method case study approach, combining semi-structured interviews with employees, structured observations, and analysis of architectural drawings. The results indicated that employees’ perceptions did not always align with the ideas behind the architectural design and that employees understood the environment differently. The study also highlighted the interrelations (and contradictions) among the different components of sense of coherence. The findings imply that organizations may need to prioritize which components of coherence should be supported most by the office environment. It also suggests that case-specific design aspects should play a more central role in studying and conceptualizing healthy office design and that design solutions should be continuously modified during the use phase, while ensuring employees’ participation. The study concluded that an ‘ideal’ office environment should not be the goal. Instead, office design should provide an environment in which employees are able to cope with challenges in comprehensible, manageable and meaningful ways.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11458
Author(s):  
Linfeng Lu ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Zifan Dai ◽  
Tengfei Luo ◽  
Songlin Ding ◽  
...  

In China, increasing the application ratio of hot-rolled H-shapes has become a severe problem that the government, academia, and engineering circles must vigorously address. Research on reasonable hot-rolled H-shapes built-up columns is one of the primary methods. After reviewing the various combination columns in the existing research, the paper proposes the new flanged cruciform H-shapes columns (FCHCs) made of three hot-rolled H-shapes. Using comprehensive imperfections given by the design standard, GB50017-2017, the paper analyzes the global buckling of FCHCs subjected to the axial compression load. The global buckling factor obtained is compared with the current national design code. Comparative analysis of seventy-two specimens of Q345 and Q460 steel found that the global buckling mode of FCHCs was flexural bending buckling around the axis of symmetry, and global torsional buckling and local buckling did not occur. Furthermore, the corresponding column curves in current design codes overestimate the dimensionless buckling strength of the novel FCHCs. Therefore, designers need to drop a class to select the global buckling factor within a specific range. Finally, new column global buckling curves are proposed based on a non-linear fitting of the numerical results according to the current national design codes.


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