Standard Deviations: The Biological Bases of Transmission Ratio Distortion

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lila Fishman ◽  
Mariah McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Selfish Genetic Elements ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Mapping Populations

The rule of Mendelian inheritance is remarkably robust, but deviations from the equal transmission of alternative alleles at a locus [a.k.a. transmission ratio distortion (TRD)] are also commonly observed in genetic mapping populations. Such TRD reveals locus-specific selection acting at some point between the diploid heterozygous parents and progeny genotyping and therefore can provide novel insight into otherwise-hidden genetic and evolutionary processes. Most of the classic selfish genetic elements were discovered through their biasing of transmission, but many unselfish evolutionary and developmental processes can also generate TRD. In this review, we describe methodologies for detecting TRD in mapping populations, detail the arenas and genetic interactions that shape TRD during plant and animal reproduction, and summarize patterns of TRD from across the genetic mapping literature. Finally, we point to new experimental approaches that can accelerate both detection of TRD and characterization of the underlying genetic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Maternal Transmission Ratio Distortion in Two Iberian Pig Varieties

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Marta Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
Melani Martín de Hijas-Villalba ◽  
Luis Varona ◽  
Noelia Ibañez-Escriche ◽  
Juan Pablo Rosas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effects ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Heterozygous Parent ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Iberian Pig

Transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is defined as the allele transmission deviation from the heterozygous parent to the offspring from the expected Mendelian genotypic frequencies. Although TRD can be a confounding factor in genetic mapping studies, this phenomenon remains mostly unknown in pigs, particularly in traditional breeds (i.e., the Iberian pig). We aimed to describe the maternal TRD prevalence and its genomic distribution in two Iberian varieties. Genotypes from a total of 247 families (dam and offspring) of Entrepelado (n = 129) and Retinto (n = 118) Iberian varieties were analyzed. The offspring were sired by both ungenotyped purebred Retinto and Entrepelado Iberian boars, regardless of the dam variety used. After quality control, 16,246 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Entrepelado variety and 9744 SNPs in the Retinto variety were analyzed. Maternal TRD was evaluated by a likelihood ratio test under SNP-by-SNP, adapting a previous model solved by Bayesian inference. Results provided 68 maternal TRD loci (TRDLs) in the Entrepelado variety and 24 in the Retinto variety (q < 0.05), with mostly negative TRD values, increasing the transmission of the minor allele. In addition, both varieties shared ten common TRDLs. No strong evidence of biological effects was found in genes with TRDLs. However, some biological processes could be affected by TRDLs, such as embryogenesis at different levels and lipid metabolism. These findings could provide useful insight into the genetic mechanisms to improve the swine industry, particularly in traditional breeds.

scholarly journals Genetic mapping and developmental timing of transmission ratio distortion in a mouse interspecific backcross

BMC Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chevonne D Eversley ◽  
Tavia Clark ◽  
Yuying Xie ◽  
Jill Steigerwalt ◽  
Timothy A Bell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Interspecific Backcross ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Developmental Timing ◽  
Ratio Distortion

scholarly journals Mendelian inheritance of t haplotypes in house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) field populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANN EILEEN MILLER BAKER
Keyword(s):  
House Mouse ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Mendelian Inheritance ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Chromosome 17 ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Selfish Dna ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Deleterious Genes

SummaryAlleles of many genes in the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) t complex influence embryonic development, male transmission ratio, male fertility and other traits. Homozygous t lethal alleles cause prenatal lethality, whereas male t semilethal homozygotes and males heterozygous for two complementing t lethal haplotypes are sterile. Without a mechanism maintaining these deleterious genes, t lethals and t semilethals should be eliminated by selection. The mechanism for maintaining them is transmission ratio distortion (TRD), which is said to occur when a t/+ male sires a significantly greater proportion of fetuses carrying his t haplotype (80–100%) than his wild-type chromosome 17. To understand how this selfish DNA functions in trapped populations, the objectives of this study were to examine the structure of t haplotypes in Colorado field populations and to determine transmission ratios in these populations. The data presented here indicate two possible causes for lower than expected transmission ratios in field populations: (1) single-sire fertilization by sperm from mosaic t males may lack all t haplotype genes causing high TRD. (2) t-bearing sperm fertilizing multiple-sire litters are diluted by+sperm from males having the most common genotype (+/+).

scholarly journals Transmission ratio distortion in the myotonic dystrophy locus in human preimplantation embryos

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola L Dean ◽  
J Concepción Loredo-Osti ◽  
T Mary Fujiwara ◽  
Kenneth Morgan ◽  
Seang Lin Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myotonic Dystrophy ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
Human Preimplantation Embryos

scholarly journals Transmission-Ratio Distortion Through F1 Females at Chromosome 11 Loci Linked to Om in the Mouse DDK Syndrome

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304
Author(s):  
F Pardo-Manuel de Villena ◽  
C Slamka ◽  
M Fonseca ◽  
A K Naumova ◽  
J Paquette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Model ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Inbred Mouse Strains ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Ratio Distortion

Abstract We determined the genotypes of &gt;200 offspring that are survivors of matings between female reciprocal F1 hybrids (between the DDK and C57BL/6J inbred mouse strains) and C57BL/6J males at markers linked to the Ovum mutant (Om) locus on chromosome 11. In contrast to the expectations of our previous genetic model to explain the “DDK syndrome,” the genotypes of these offspring do not reflect preferential survival of individuals that receive C57BL/6J alleles from the F1 females in the region of chromosome 11 to which the Om locus has been mapped. In fact, we observe significant transmission-ratio distortion in favor of DDK alleles in this region. These results are also in contrast to the expectations of Wakasugi's genetic model for the inheritance of Om, in which he proposed equal transmission of DDK and non-DDK alleles from F1 females. We propose that the results of these experiments may be explained by reduced expression of the maternal DDK Om allele or expression of the maternal DDK Om allele in only a portion of the ova of F1 females

scholarly journals Nondisjunction and transmission ratio distortion ofChromosome 2 in a (2.8) Robertsonian translocation mouse strain

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiner Schulz ◽  
Lara A. Underkoffler ◽  
Joelle N. Collins ◽  
Rebecca J. Oakey
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Strain ◽  
Robertsonian Translocation ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Ratio Distortion

Concerted evolution of the mouse Tcp-10 gene family: Implications for the functional basis of t haplotype transmission ratio distortion

Genomics ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen H. Pilder ◽  
Cindy L. Decker ◽  
Salim Islam ◽  
Christine Buck ◽  
Judith A. Cebra-Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Concerted Evolution ◽  
Transmission Ratio Distortion ◽  
Transmission Ratio ◽  
Functional Basis ◽  
Ratio Distortion ◽  
T Haplotype
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