Three Faces of Climate Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives Dolšak ◽  
Aseem Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Climate Politics ◽  
Disadvantaged Communities ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Change Climate ◽  
Climate Crisis

There is overwhelming consensus about the science of climate change. Climate politics, however, remains volatile, driven by perceptions of injustice, which motivate policy resistance and undermine policy legitimacy. We identify three types of injustice. The first pertains to the uneven exposure to climate change impacts across countries and communities within a country. Socially, politically, and economically disadvantaged communities that have contributed the least to the climate crisis tend to be affected the most. To address climate change and its impacts, countries and subnational units have enacted a range of policies. But even carefully designed mitigation and adaptation policies distribute costs (the second justice dimension) and benefits (the third justice dimension) unevenly across sectors and communities, often reproducing existing inequalities. Climate justice requires paying careful attention to who bears the costs and who gets the benefits of both climate inaction and action. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Vicious Circles: Violence, Vulnerability, and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halvard Buhaug ◽  
Nina von Uexkull
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Vulnerability To Climate Change ◽  
Humanitarian Crises ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Conflict Risk

Climate change threatens core dimensions of human security, including economic prosperity, food availability, and societal stability. In recent years, war-torn regions such as Afghanistan and Yemen have harbored severe humanitarian crises, compounded by climate-related hazards. These cases epitomize the powerful but presently incompletely appreciated links between vulnerability, conflict, and climate-related impacts. In this article, we develop a unified conceptual model of these phenomena by connecting three fields of research that traditionally have had little interaction: ( a) determinants of social vulnerability to climate change, ( b) climatic drivers of armed conflict risk, and ( c) societal impacts of armed conflict. In doing so, we demonstrate how many of the conditions that shape vulnerability to climate change also increase the likelihood of climate–conflict interactions and, furthermore, that impacts from armed conflict aggravate these conditions. The end result may be a vicious circle locking affected societies in a trap of violence, vulnerability, and climate change impacts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Civilization-Saving Science for the Twenty-First Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia K. McNutt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Change Mitigation

Geoscientists have generally been at the leading edge of predicting the challenges society faces from hazards both natural and anthropomorphic. As geoscientists, we have been less successful in devising the solutions to those problems to ensure a habitable planet for ourselves and future generations because often the solutions lie in creating novel partnerships with other researchers, including engineers, biologists, and social scientists. These sorts of transdisciplinary partnerships have been leading to radical advances in human health, under the banner of convergence science. Application of these principles of convergence science offers significant promise for addressing challenges such as climate change mitigation and adaptation, environmental health, protecting ecosystem services, and advancing sustainability science. To apply this approach rigorously, however, will involve a culture change in the geosciences in terms of how students are educated, how researchers are rewarded, and how projects are funded. ▪ Geoscientists need to work collaboratively with life, physical, and social scientists, as well as engineers, to solve the problems of our time. ▪ Universities need to address financial, procedural, educational, and cultural impediments to the conduct of convergence research. ▪ Adopting a solutions orientation to major environmental issues could help attract a more diverse geoscience workforce. ▪ Climate change mitigation would benefit from partnerships between geoscientists and social scientists to make the right behavior easy. ▪ The current course of Earth science education, research, and partnerships is inadequate to address sustainability. ▪ Ensuring environmental health requires collaboration between experts in health, environment, infrastructure, and economics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Volume 50 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Restoring Degraded Lands

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almut Arneth ◽  
Lennart Olsson ◽  
Annette Cowie ◽  
Karl-Heinz Erb ◽  
Margot Hurlbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Degradation Problem

Land degradation continues to be an enormous challenge to human societies, reducing food security, emitting greenhouse gases and aerosols, driving the loss of biodiversity, polluting water, and undermining a wide range of ecosystem services beyond food supply and water and climate regulation. Climate change will exacerbate several degradation processes. Investment in diverse restoration efforts, including sustainable agricultural and forest land management, as well as land set aside for conservation wherever possible, will generate co-benefits for climate change mitigation and adaptation and more broadly for human and societal well-being and the economy. This review highlights the magnitude of the degradation problem and some of the key challenges for ecological restoration. There are biophysical as well as societal limits to restoration. Better integrating policies to jointly address poverty, land degradation, and greenhouse gas emissions and removals is fundamental to reducing many existing barriers and contributing to climate-resilient sustainable development. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Anxiety, Worry, and Grief in a Time of Environmental and Climate Crisis: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ojala ◽  
Ashlee Cunsolo ◽  
Charles A. Ogunbode ◽  
Jacqueline Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The One ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change worry, eco-anxiety, and ecological grief are concepts that have emerged in the media, public discourse, and research in recent years. However, there is not much literature examining and summarizing the ways in which these emotions are expressed, to what processes they are related, and how they are distributed. This narrative review aims to ( a) summarize research about the relationships between, on the one hand, negative emotions in relation to climate change and other environmental problems and, on the other hand, mental well-being among people in different parts of the world and ( b) examine studies that have explored the potentially constructive role of worry—for example, in the form of providing motivation to act. It is clear from this review that negative emotions regarding environmental problems are normal, and often constructive, responses. Yet, given the nature, range, and extent of these emotions, it is important to identify diverse place-based and culturally relevant strategies to help people cope. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Human Cooperation and the Crises of Climate Change, COVID-19, and Misinformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. M. Van Lange ◽  
David G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Evolution Of Cooperation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Conditional Cooperation ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
The Face ◽  
Climate Crisis

Contemporary society is facing many social dilemmas—including climate change, COVID-19, and misinformation—characterized by a conflict between short-term self-interest and longer-term collective interest. The climate crisis requires paying costs today to benefit distant others (and oneself) in the future. The COVID-19 crisis requires the less vulnerable to pay costs to benefit the more vulnerable in the face of great uncertainty. The misinformation crisis requires investing effort to assess truth and abstain from spreading attractive falsehoods. Addressing these crises requires an understanding of human cooperation. To that end, we present ( a) an overview of mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation, including mechanisms based on similarity and interaction; ( b) a discussion of how reputation can incentivize cooperation via conditional cooperation and signaling; and ( c) a review of social preferences that undergird the proximate psychology of cooperation, including positive regard for others, parochialism, and egalitarianism. We discuss the three focal crises facing our society through the lens of cooperation, emphasizing how cooperation research can inform our efforts to address them. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts and Strategies for Mitigation and Adaptation in Agriculture

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Bruce A. McCarl ◽  
Chin-Hsien Yu ◽  
Witsanu Attavanich
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation

Agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change-induced shifts in means, variability and extremes [...]

Gender, Forests and Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Marcos Morezuelas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
Change Mitigation

As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.

scholarly journals Dealing with Climate Change Crisis

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90
Author(s):  
Krishna Prasad Oli ◽  
Tara Devi Dhakal ◽  
Navraj Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Key Topics ◽  
Climate Crisis

Climate change and its impact on human survival have been today's major challenge and key topics of discussion globally. When considering the catastrophic impacts climate change will bring to earth, in-depth studies on the mechanics and chemistry of climate changes has been emerging. Simultaneously, international and national policies to reduce the vulnerability from climate change have been developed. This article discusses environmental retrospect and climate change issues and highlights efforts taken by global community to reduce GHG. An analysis through an equity lens is made between developed and developing nations and distinction of science and post normal science, and how skeptics revolve around the myth of climate changing ‘naturally' is discussed. A brief status of climate change in Nepal has been mentioned and some mitigation and adaptation measures that can be carried out at the institutional and individual level to start solving the climate crisis conclude the paper. Key Words: Global warming, Climate change, International policies, Intra- generational equity, GHG, Renewable energy, Individual adaptation DOI: 10.3126/init.v2i1.2527 The Initiation Vol.2(1) 2008 pp79-90

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