LOGO: an efficient local and global data collection mechanism for remote underwater monitoring

The oceans play an important role in our daily life and they form the lungs of our planet. Subsequently, the world ocean provides so many benefits for humans and the planet including oxygen production, climate regulation, transportation, recreation, food, medicine, economic, etc. However, the oceans suffer nowadays from several challenges ranging from pollution to climate change and destruction of underwater habitat. Hence, the use of remote sensing technologies, like sensor networks and IoT, is becoming essential in order to continuously monitor the wide underwater areas and oceans. Unfortunately, the limited battery power constitutes one of the major challenges and limitations of such technologies. In this paper, we propose an efficient LOcal and GlObal data collection mechanism, called LOGO, that aims to conserve the energy in remote sensing applications. LOGO is based on the cluster scheme and works on two network stages: local and global. The local stage is at the sensor node and aims to reduce its data transmission by eliminating on-period and in-period data redundancies. The global stage is at the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) level and aims to minimize the data redundancy among neighboring nodes based on a spatial-temporal node correlation and Kempe’s graph techniques. The simulation results on real underwater data confirm that LOGO mechanism is less energy consumption with high data accuracy than the existing techniques.

Managing economic climate security: theoretical and applied aspects

The article proposes to consider climate security as an important factor in the sustainable development of the economy. The problems of climate risk management have been identified. Based on a literature review, a system of national climate regulation objectives have been proposed and logically justified. The main stages of their achievement have been presented. The need for a project-based approach to climate regulation has been justified. The idea of a national project at state level and three federal projects as part of it has been proposed. The author’s model for managing the country’s climate security has been presented. The standard plan for the implementation of this model at the regional level has been developed. The results can be used in national strategic management of country climate security and its constituent entities.

Systematic Review on Urban Ecosystem Services in South-East Asia: Asean Countries

Urban ecosystem services refer to all the benefits of nature especially to the urban community and economy for maintaining human well-being. This concept links to the economic, community and environmental aspects and shows how nature conservation is important for human and economic principles. However, the view of urban ecosystem services assessment based on essential categories with current urban development is provided. So, this paper reviews the aim to analyze the types and assessing the categories of urban ecosystem services and the methodological used in ASEAN countries. Furthermore, understanding studies about urban ecosystem services are important in long-term studies for monitoring purpose. As a result, 8 out of 10 ASEAN countries excluding Laos and Brunei have studied urban ecosystem services. In this context, the result also shows the most studies specify the significance of the ecosystem services given by the urban as regulating (waste absorption, climate regulation, water purification, flood regulation, and disease control) and followed by cultural (tranquility, social relations, and recreation). Thus, exploring urban ecosystem interaction in current ASEAN countries may have added benefits in terms of improving the urban ecosystem services to streamline the urban area planning. Finally, we conclude that all the ASEAN countries should play an important role to make sure the countries maintain sustainable and more livable with the right policies and guidelines like can fit in Paris Agreement especially in Climate Strategies and plans.

Assessment of the Selected Regulating Ecosystem Services Using Ecosystem Services Matrix in Two Model Areas: Special Nature Reserve Obedska Bara (Serbia) and Protected Landscape Area Dunajske Luhy (Slovakia)

In this paper we are analyzing the potential of land cover features to provide three regulating ecosystem services (ESs), ES Local climate regulation, ES Water quality regulation and ES Biodiversity promotion, in two case study areas: Special nature reserve (SNR) Obedska bara (Serbia) and Protected landscape area (PLA) Dunajske luhy (Slovakia). Regulating ESs are not only important for proper functioning of ecosystems, but they are also crucial for the existence of human society. To assess the potential of land cover features to provide regulating ESs, we used biophysical methods. The maps of land cover potential to provide regulating ES are the result of the analyses. The results indicate that forests are the most important ecosystems that provide ES Local climate regulation and ES Water quality regulation. For ES Biodiversity promotion, the most important ecosystems were natural and seminatural meadows, wetlands, natural and seminatural rivers and water bodies as well as forests. Overall SNR Obedska bara has higher potential to provide all three regulating ESs than PLA Dunajske luhy. These findings point to the importance of natural areas in ensuring the provision of regulating ESs. Properly selected landscape management is the key for maintaining or improving the potential of land cover features to provide regulating ESs. The research can help local authorities in decision making and in creating conservation strategies for selected protected areas.

Sebaran Dan Nilai Indeks Jasa Ekosistem Pengaturan Kualitas Udara, Iklim Dan Air Di Kabupaten Konawe

Ecosystem services to regulate air quality, climate, water system and water purification are important ecosystem services for human life and other living things. The objective of the research was to analyze the distribution and value of ecosystem services index of air quality, climate, water system and water purification of Konawe Regency. This research was conducted through the study of ecoregion characteristics, covering landforms, natural vegetation types and land cover. Data analysis includes the calculation of ecosystem services index and spatial distribution of ecosystem services index. The results showed that the dominant type of landform in Konawe Regency was the structural hills of metamorphic rock material with natural vegetation in the form of forests and the dominant land cover was primary dry land forests.The average value of the Ecosystem Services Index (ESI) of air quality regulation were 2.88 (medium), climate regulation and water system arrangements were 3.18 (medium) and 3.12 (medium) and water purification settings was 2.12 (low). The average value of the ecosystem services index of the four types of regulatory services was 2.83 with a moderate category. The average ESI value of Sub District of Latoma, Asinua, Routa, Abuki and Meluhu were 3.92, 3.65, 3.62, 3.51 and 3.49 with high categories, respectively. The performance of environmental services of air quality regulation is dominated by a high category of 221,489.56 hectares or 41.99 percent, while climate regulation was dominated by a very high category of 243,516.50 hectares or 46.17 percent. The performance of ecosystem services of water system and water purification arrangements reached an area of 235,459.44 hectares or 44.64 percent and 32,723.16 hectares or 43.04 percent respectively.Keywords: ecoregion, ecosystem services index, regulating ecosystem services,spatial distributionJasa ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara, iklim, tata air dan pemurnian air merupakan jasa ekosistem penting terhadap kehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran dan nilai indeks jasa ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara, iklim, tata air dan pemurnian air Kabupaten Konawe. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui kajian karakteristik ekoregion, mencakup bentang lahan, tipe vegetasi alami dan tutupan lahan. Analisis data meliputi perhitunganindeksjasaekosistem dan sebaranspasialindeksjasaekosistem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe bentang lahan yang dominan di Kabupaten Konawe adalah perbukitan structural lipatan bermaterial batuan metamorfik dengan vegetasi alami berupa hutanpamah (non dipterokarpa) dan tutupan lahan dominan adalah hutan lahan kering primer. Rata-rata nilai Indeks Jasa Ekosistem pengaturan kualitas udara adalah 2,88 (sedang), pengaturan iklim dan pengaturan tata air masing-masing sebesar 3,18 (sedang) dan 3,12 (sedang) dan pengaturan pemurnian air adalah 2,12 (rendah). Nilai rata-rata indeks jasa ekosistem dari empat jenis jasa pengaturan tersebut adalah 2,83 dengan kategori sedang. Nilai IJE rata-rata Kecamatan Latoma yakni 3,92, Kecamatan Asinua sebesar 3,65, KecamatanRouta sebesar 3,62, serta KecamatanAbuki dan KecamatanMeluhu masing-masing 3,51 dan 3,49 dengan kategori tinggi. Kinerja jasa lingkungan pengaturan kualitas udara didominasi oleh kategori tinggi seluas 221.489,56 hektaratau 41,99%, sementara itu pengaturan iklim didominasi oleh kategori sangat tinggiseluas 243.516,50 hektaratau 46,17%. Kinerja jasa ekosistem pengaturan tata air dan pengaturan pemurnian air mencapai luas masing-masing 235.459,44 hektaratau 44,64% dan 32.723,16 hektaratau 43,04%.Kata Kunci:ekoregion, jasa ekosistem pengaturan, indeks jasa ekosistem, sebaran spasial

Shell departure will expose Dutch business risks

Significance The oil and gas giant cited the country’s 15% dividend tax on some types of shares as a key reason behind its decision, while in recent years the company has been subject to climate litigation in the courts. Impacts The government will be significantly more vigilant and protective of key industrial players such as semiconductor producer ASML. Farmers' protests are likely to increase amid worsening constraints over climate regulation and competition for space. Successful legal action over climate change in the Netherlands will encourage similar action in other countries.

Comparative quantification of local climate regulation by green and blue urban areas in cities across Europe

Urban growth alters environmental conditions with major consequences for climate regulation and the exposure of population to heat. Nature-based solutions may be used to alleviate the increasing urban climate pressures, but the climate regulation services that these solutions can supply for and across different urban conditions remains understudied. We comparatively investigate the urban ecosystem service realization (considering the ecosystem service supply and demand spatial interactions) of local climate regulation by vegetated (green) and water-covered (blue) areas across 660 European cities. Results show relatively robust power-law relationships with city population density (average R2 of 0.34) of main indicators of ecosystem service realization. Country-wise fitting for city-average indicators strengthens these relationships, in particular for western European cities (average R2 of 0.66). Cross-city results also show strong power-law relationship of effectiveness in ecosystem service realization with socio-economic measures like Human Development Index and GPD per capita, in particular for the area fraction of city parts with high ecosystem service realization (R2 of 0.77). The quantified relationships are useful for comparative understanding of differences in ecosystem services realization between cities and city parts, and quantitative projection of possible change trends under different types of city growth so that relevant measures can be taken to counteract undesirable trends.

Environmental services in home gardens of la Chontalpa, Tabasco, Mexico

Objective: To identify the environmental services provided by home gardens in nine communities of La Chontalpa region in Tabasco, Mexico. Design/methodology/approach: Having previously identified home gardens, a visit route to nine communities was drawn using cartographic and demographic information. Three home gardens per community were randomly selected. Interviews about the use of home gardens were conducted. Physical environmental factors were measured inside and outside the gardens and soil samples were taken to determine organic matter and carbon contents in the soil. According to their category, the environmental services provided by the home gardens in each community were identified and classified into four types: provisioning, supporting, cultural, and regulating services. Results: Thirteen environmental services were identified as being provided by home gardens. Provisioning and cultural services are present in all localities. The most frequent category is the provision of food, followed by the provision of raw materials and education. Supporting and regulating services were observed in most communities —except for climate regulation, since the environmental conditions only allow gardens to provide the said service in four of the evaluated communities. Limitations on study/implications: Knowledge about the benefits of building home gardens suggests that these agrosystems provide environmental services. Categorizing the environmental services provided by home gardens is therefore important. Findings/conclusions: Home gardens in La Chontalpa, Tabasco, do not only provide provisioning services, but also cultural, supporting, and —to a lesser extent— regulating services.

An assessment of tree biodiversity and carbon stocks in mangrove forests, Langsa City, Aceh, Indonesia

Mangrove forests are a unique coastal ecosystem with trees adapted to a constantly fluctuating and sometimes extreme physical environment. Mangrove forests provide important ecosystem services that benefit local people and all of us in terms of climate regulation through the storage of greenhouse gasses in biomass. This research reports carbon stock, wood volume, tree density, and biodiversity indices for two mangrove forest areas in Langsa City Regency, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The two sites represent and inland area and an ocean-exposed area within a large mangrove forest ecosystem complex. The results of the analysis show that these two tracts are quite similar in terms of carbon stock and biodiversity even though they occupy different locations within the larger tract of mangrove habitat. The study confirms these are healthy forest areas with relatively high carbon stocks.

The Development Trajectory of the Eurasian Economic Union Is a One-Way Road

The EAEU, as one of the key integration associations of our time, is at the initial stage of its life cycle. This fact objectively presupposes, along with undoubted successes, the need for the EAEU to function in a problematic field, in the face of certain challenges, threats and risks. The main challenge to Eurasian integration is the “zero carbon footprint” and the EU’s intention to introduce a cross-border carbon tax as a tool for climate regulation. For a Eurasian response to the global challenge of zero carbon footprint, it is advisable to create an exchange of absorbing emissions within the EAEU. Experimental approaches, such as the introduction of an export duty on the carbon footprint, should to be used to create a funding mechanism for scientific and technical cooperation.