Ethiodized Oil–Ethanol Capillary Embolization in Rabbit Kidneys: Temporal Histopathologic Findings

Abstract Background Limited clinical data suggest ~16% prevalence of bacterial superinfections among critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods We reviewed postmortem studies of patients with COVID-19 published in English through 26 September 2020 for histopathologic findings consistent with bacterial lung infections. Results Worldwide, 621 patients from 75 studies were included. The quality of data was uneven, likely because identifying superinfections was not a major objective in 96% (72/75) of studies. Histopathology consistent with potential lung superinfection was reported in 32% (200/621) of patients (22-96 years old; 66% men). Types of infections were pneumonia (95%), abscesses or empyema (3.5%), and septic emboli (1.5%). Seventy-three percent of pneumonias were focal rather than diffuse. Predominant histopathologic findings were intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltrations that were distinct from those typical of COVID-19-associated diffuse alveolar damage. In studies with available data, 79% of patients received antimicrobial treatment; most common agents were beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (48%), macrolides (16%), cephalosoprins (12%), and carbapenems (6%). Superinfections were proven by direct visualization or recovery of bacteria in 25.5% (51/200) of potential cases, and 8% of all patients in postmortem studies. In rank order, pathogens included Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Lung superinfections were causes of death in 16% of potential cases, and 3% of all patients with COVID-19. Conclusions Potential bacterial lung superinfections were evident at postmortem examination in 32% of persons who died with COVID-19 (proven, 8%; possible, 24%), but they were uncommonly the cause of death.

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MR Imaging–Pathologic Correlation of Uveal Melanomas Undergoing Secondary Enucleation after Proton Beam Radiotherapy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11094310 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 4310

Author(s):

Pietro Valerio Foti ◽

Corrado Inì ◽

Mario Travali ◽

Renato Farina ◽

Stefano Palmucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mr Imaging ◽

Proton Beam ◽

Uveal Melanoma ◽

Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽

Nerve Degeneration ◽

Proton Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Iris Neovascularization ◽

Weighted Sequences ◽

Histopathologic Findings ◽

Optic Nerve Degeneration

Background: Currently, radiotherapy represents the most widely employed therapeutic option in patients with uveal melanoma. Although the effects of proton beam radiotherapy on uveal melanoma end ocular tissues have been histologically documented, their appearance at MR imaging is still poorly understood. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the magnetic resonance (MR) semiotics of radiotherapy-induced changes to neoplastic tissues and ocular structures in patients with uveal melanoma undergoing secondary enucleation after proton beam radiotherapy. Methods: Nine patients with uveal melanoma who had undergone proton beam radiotherapy, MR imaging, and subsequent secondary enucleation were retrospectively selected. The histopathologic findings evaluated for irradiated tumors were necrosis, fibrosis, and viable tumor, while the histopathologic findings evaluated for extratumoral ocular/periocular tissues were radiation-related intraocular inflammation, vitreous hemorrhage, optic nerve degeneration, iris neovascularization, and periocular fibrotic adhesions. On MR images, the appearance of the abovementioned histologic features was assessed on conventional and diffusion-weighted sequences. Results: T2-weighted sequences performed better in detecting radiation-induced necrosis, fibrosis, optic nerve degeneration, and periocular fibrotic adhesions. T1-weighted sequences were preferable for identifying cataracts, vitreous hemorrhage, and inflammatory complications. Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences were irreplaceable in assessing iris neovascularization, and in confirming inflammatory complications. Conclusions: In the light of their increasing role in the multidisciplinary management of patients with uveal melanoma, radiologists should be aware of the MR appearance of the effects of radiotherapy on neoplastic and ocular tissue, in order to improve the accuracy of follow-up MR examinations.

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Fibrin glue: Novel submucosal injection agent for endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopy International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1315-0059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 09 (03) ◽

pp. E319-E323

Author(s):

Madoka Takao ◽

Yoshitaka Takegawa ◽

Toshitatsu Takao ◽

Hiroya Sakaguchi ◽

Yoshiko Nakano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection ◽

Fibrin Glue ◽

En Bloc Resection ◽

Bloc Resection ◽

En Bloc ◽

Submucosal Injection ◽

Submucosal Dissection ◽

Vitro Model ◽

Histopathologic Findings

Abstract Background and study aims Adequate mucosal elevation by submucosal injection is crucial for patient safety and efficiency during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fibrin glue (FG) as a long-lasting submucosal injection agent and to evaluate the technical feasibility of FG injection for ESD. Materials and methods To compare the capabilities of different agents in maintaining submucosal evaluation, we injected FG, hyaluronic acid solution, and normal saline into the porcine gastric specimen that was incised into approximately 5 × 5 cm squares. Then, we measured the height of submucosal elevations over time. Moreover, three hypothetical lesions from the resected porcine stomach underwent ESD with FG injection. Thereafter, we conducted macroscopic and histopathologic analyses. Results FG maintained the greatest submucosal elevation among all the injection agents. Three ESD procedures were performed with en bloc resection. Both macroscopic and histopathologic findings showed a thick FG clot on the ulcers. Conclusions The FG solution can be potentially used as an ESD submucosal injection agent in an in vitro model.

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ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGIC GASTRIC CHANGES IN CHRONIC USERS OF PROTON-PUMP INHIBITORS

Arquivos de Gastroenterologia ◽

10.1590/s0004-28032015000100013 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sílvia Maria Perrone CAMILO ◽

Élia Cláudia de Souza ALMEIDA ◽

Benito André Silveira MIRANZI ◽

Juliano Carvalho SILVA ◽

Rosemary Simões NOMELINI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽

Proton Pump ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Control Group ◽

Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy ◽

Positive Serology ◽

Cell Hyperplasia ◽

Sydney System ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Histopathologic Findings

Background Proton-pump inhibitors have been used for at least two decades. They are among the most commonly sold drugs in the world. However, some controversy remains about the indications for their use and the consequences of their prolonged use. Objectives To evaluate and compare the endoscopic and histopathologic gastric changes in chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors to changes in non-users. Methods A prospective study performed at a tertiary Public Hospital involving 105 patients undergoing upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy. Subjects included 81 proton-pump inhibitor users and 24 non-users (control group). Biopsies of the antral-type mucosa, the antral-fundic transition, and the fundus were evaluated by the Sydney System. The presence of erosion or ulceration, lymphatic follicles, reactive gastropathy, and polypoid or epithelial hyperplasia was also determined. Serum levels of gastrin were measured. Results We found two polyps, one in each group, both of which were negative for Helicobacter pylori. There were two cases of parietal cell hyperplasia in users of proton-pump inhibitors. Gastrin was elevated in 28 users of proton-pump inhibitors and in four members of the control group. We did not find statistically significant differences in the endoscopic or histopathologic findings between the two groups. Conclusions Chronic use of proton-pump inhibitors for the duration examined was not associated with significant gastric changes. An interesting finding was that the 4 chronic users of proton-pump inhibitors who had serum gastrin levels above 500 pg/mL also had positive serology for Chagas disease.

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Long-Term Histologic Changes in Nasal Mucosa after Total Laryngectomy

International Journal of Otolaryngology ◽

10.1155/2010/137128 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Çiğdem Tepe Karaca ◽

Erdoğan Gültekin ◽

M. Kürşat Yelken ◽

Ayşenur Akyıldız İğdem ◽

Mehmet Külekçi

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Nasal Mucosa ◽

Laryngeal Cancer ◽

Total Laryngectomy ◽

Group 3 ◽

Histopathologic Changes ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Relationship ◽

Histopathologic Findings

Objective. To determine the long-term histopathologic changes in nasal mucosa and the relationship between progression of the histopathologic changes and the duration without air current stimulation.Material and Method. Biopsies were taken from the inferior turbinates of 11 laryngeal cancer patients after total laryngectomy. Specimens were stained with hematoksilen-eosin and several histopathologic parameters were examined under light microscopy.Results. All of the patients demonstrated at least one histopathologic abnormality (100%,n=11). Goblet destruction and stromal fibrosis were the most common findings (81%,n=9), followed by focal epithelial atrophy and subepithelial seromusinous gland destruction (45%,n=5), neovascularization and congestion (36%,n=4), complete epithelial atrophy and mixoid degeneration (27%,n=3). According to the duration between laryngectomy and biopsy, patients were grouped in to three: group 1; less than 12 months (36%,n=4), group 2; 12–36 months (18%,n=2), and group 3; more than 36 months (45%,n=5). Only congestion was found to be decreased as the duration increased (P<.005).Conclusion. In laryngeal cancer patients histopathologic changes occur in nasal mucosa eventuate due to the cessation of air current stimulation, however there was no relation between progression of the histopathologic findings and the duration of cessation.

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