scholarly journals Worrisome Exaggeration of Activity of Electrocatalysts Destined for Steady-State Water Electrolysis by Polarization Curves from Transient Techniques

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anantharaj Sengeni ◽  
Subrata Kundu ◽  
Suguru Noda
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Water Electrolysis ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
Transient Techniques ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
State Water ◽  
State Responses

Abstract Cyclic and linear sweep voltammetry techniques substantially misjudge the performance of water splitting electrocatalysts due to their transient nature that forbids the interface from reaching a steady-state. This misjudgment leads to the potentially detrimental yet unwittingly falsified data accumulation in the literature that requires immediate attention. Alternatively, sampled-current voltammetry (SCV) constructed from steady-state responses is advised to be widely adopted for screening electrocatalysts that are actually destined for steady-state operations. To show that this exaggeration is universal, a well-characterized activated SS, coprecipitated Co(OH)2, and Pt foil electrodes are studied for OER and HER in 1.0 M KOH. The results urge that it is time to adopt a relatively more precise alternative technique such as SCV.

Estimating the Audiogram Using Multiple Auditory Steady-State Responses

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dimitrijevic ◽  
Sasha M. John ◽  
Patricia Van Roon ◽  
David W. Purcell ◽  
Julija Adamonis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Behavioral Threshold ◽  
Behavioral Thresholds ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Impairment ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Auditory Steady State Responses ◽  
Tonal Stimuli ◽  
Conductive Hearing ◽  
State Responses

Multiple auditory steady-state responses were evoked by eight tonal stimuli (four per ear), with each stimulus simultaneously modulated in both amplitude and frequency. The modulation frequencies varied from 80 to 95 Hz and the carrier frequencies were 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. For air conduction, the differences between physiologic thresholds for these mixed-modulation (MM) stimuli and behavioral thresholds for pure tones in 31 adult subjects with a sensorineural hearing impairment and 14 adult subjects with normal hearing were 14 ± 11, 5 ± 9, 5 ± 9, and 9 ± 10 dB (correlation coefficients .85, .94, .95, and .95) for the 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz carrier frequencies, respectively. Similar results were obtained in subjects with simulated conductive hearing losses. Responses to stimuli presented through a forehead bone conductor showed physiologic-behavioral threshold differences of 22 ± 8, 14 ± 5, 5 ± 8, and 5 ± 10 dB for the 500-, 1000-, 2000-, and 4000-Hz carrier frequencies, respectively. These responses were attenuated by white noise presented concurrently through the bone conductor.

Weighted averaging of steady-state responses

2001 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Sasha John ◽  
Andrew Dimitrijevic ◽  
Terence W Picton
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
State Responses

scholarly journals Stability of Auditory Steady State Responses Over Time

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maaike Van Eeckhoutte ◽  
Robert Luke ◽  
Jan Wouters ◽  
Tom Francart
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Steady State Responses ◽  
Auditory Steady State Responses ◽  
State Responses ◽  
Over Time
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