Electromigration Separation of Lithium Isotopes: The Effect of Electrode Solutions

Abstract Both lithium-6 and lithium-7 with high abundance are indispensable materials in nuclear industry. Here, an aqueous solution│organic solution│aqueous solution system was fabricated to separate lithium isotopes. The effects of species and concentration of electrolytes in the electrode solutions on the lithium ions migration and lithium isotope separation with different voltages and migration time was studied. It was found that lithium-7 was enriched in aqueous solutions on both sides at 0 V and 2 V, while lithium-7 was enriched in anode solution and lithium-6 was enriched in cathode solution at 16 V. The weakening stability of the chelate consisted of crown ether and lithium ion with increasing voltage was believed to the possible reason. Meanwhile, the variation of electrolyte in electrode solution led to notable changes in migration ratio of lithium ions and lithium isotope separation effect, which can be attributed to the different degree of both ionization and hydrolysis for various electrolytes in aqueous solutions and the different ability of H+ and NH4+ to replace Li+ of chelate in organic solutions. This work is of great significance for the selection of electrode solutions in electromigration separation of lithium isotopes and even other electrochemical systems.

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Well-defined functional mesoporous silica/polymer hybrids prepared by an ICAR ATRP technique integrated with bio-inspired polydopamine chemistry for lithium isotope separation

Dalton Transactions ◽

10.1039/c7dt00714k ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (18) ◽

pp. 6117-6127 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Yuekun Liu ◽

Xuegang Liu ◽

Gang Ye ◽

Yang Song ◽

Fei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mesoporous Silica ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

Lithium Isotope ◽

Lithium Isotopes ◽

Polymer Hybrids ◽

Lithium Isotopes Separation ◽

Isotopes Separation

Mesoporous silica/polymer hybrids synthesized via polydopamine-assisted surface-initiated ICAR ATRP for lithium isotopes separation.

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Lithium Isotope Effect Accompanying Electrochemical Intercalation of Lithium into Graphite

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2003-5-610 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 58 (5-6) ◽

pp. 306-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Satoshi Yanase ◽

Wakana Hayama ◽

Takao Oi

Keyword(s):

Isotope Effect ◽

Separation Factor ◽

Early Stage ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

Ethylene Carbonate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Isotope ◽

Mixed Solution ◽

Electrochemical Intercalation ◽

Graphite Intercalation

Lithium has been electrochemically intercalated from a 1:2 (v/v) mixed solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and methylethyl carbonate (MEC) containing 1 M LiClO4 into graphite, and the lithium isotope fractionation accompanying the intercalation was observed. The lighter isotope was preferentially fractionated into graphite. The single-stage lithium isotope separation factor ranged from 1.007 to 1.025 at 25 °C and depended little on the mole ratio of lithium to carbon of the lithium-graphite intercalation compounds (Li-GIC) formed. The separation factor inceased with the relative content of lithium. This dependence seems consistent with the existence of an equilibrium isotope effect between the solvated lithium ion in the EC/MEC electrolyte solution and the lithium in graphite, and with the formation of a solid electrolyte interfaces on graphite at the early stage of intercalation.

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Novel Functionalized Cellulose Microspheres for Efficient Separation of Lithium Ion and Its Isotopes: Synthesis and Adsorption Performance

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24152762 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (15) ◽

pp. 2762 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ichen Chen ◽

Chenxi Xu ◽

Jing Peng ◽

Dong Han ◽

Siqi Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Separation Factor ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Epoxy Group ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Lithium Isotopes ◽

Grafted Polymer ◽

Adsorption Affinity ◽

Adsorption Temperature ◽

Solvent Metal

The adsorption of lithium ions(Li+) and the separation of lithium isotopes have attracted interests due to their important role in energy storage and nuclear energy, respectively. However, it is still challenging to separate the Li+ and its isotopes with high efficiency and selectivity. A novel cellulose-based microsphere containing crown ethers groups (named as MCM-g-AB15C5) was successfully synthesized by pre-irradiation-induced emulsion grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and followed by the chemical reaction between the epoxy group of grafted polymer and 4′-aminobenzo-15-crown-5 (AB15C5). By using MCM-g-AB15C5 as adsorbent, the effects of solvent, metal ions, and adsorption temperature on the adsorption uptake of Li+ and separation factor of 6Li/7Li were investigated in detail. Solvent with low polarity, high adsorption temperature in acetonitrile could improve the uptake of Li+ and separation factor of lithium isotopes. The MCM-g-AB15C5 exhibited the strongest adsorption affinity to Li+ with a separation factor of 1.022 ± 0.002 for 6Li/7Li in acetonitrile. The adsorption isotherms in acetonitrile is fitted well with the Langmuir model with an ultrahigh adsorption capacity up to 12.9 mg·g−1, indicating the unexpected complexation ratio of 1:2 between MCM-g-AB15C5 and Li+. The thermodynamics study confirmed the adsorption process is the endothermic, spontaneous, and chemisorption adsorption. As-prepared novel cellulose-based adsorbents are promising materials for the efficient and selective separation of Li+ and its isotopes.

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Anreicherung der Lithium-Isotope durch Gegenstromelektrolyse in wäßriger Lösung

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1963-0221 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 228-235 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

W. Thiemann ◽

K. Wagener

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Activation Analysis ◽

Ion Mobility ◽

Separation Factor ◽

Small Difference ◽

Separation Process ◽

Lithium Isotope ◽

Lithium Isotopes ◽

Theoretical Plates

An essentially better developed form of an electrolytic separation process is described, allowing the separation of ions in aqueous solution in a continuous manner. It is of high separative power and therefore especially designed for the separation of ions with very small difference in the ion mobility. In comparison with electrophoresis it has the advantage of much greater amounts processable at one time.The process was applied to enrich the natural Lithium isotopes which have an unusual small difference in their ion mobilities of only 0.08%. Using an apparatus of more than 3000 theoretical plates the separation factor was 12.8.The content of Li-6 in the samples was determined by activation analysis.

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Wasser- und ölabweisende Oberflächenschutzmassnahmen mit fluorierten Acrylaten auf Naturstein und Beton / Fluorinated Acrylics as an Alternative for Hydrophobie and Oleophobic Coating for Stone and Concrete

Restoration of Buildings and Monuments ◽

10.1515/rbm-1999-5375 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 273-288

Author(s):

A. Stempf ◽

P. Muller ◽

M. Pabon ◽

J.M. Corpart

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Water Vapour ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Water Repellent ◽

Trade Name ◽

Organic Solutions

Abstract Fluorinated acrylics are used as oil and water repellent finishes for papers, textiles and leather. Those polymers are available in different forms: water emulsions, aqueous solutions, organic solutions. It seemed to be interesting to test one of these products as an alternative for the impregnation of construction materials. In this paper, we study the efficiency of one specific fluorinated acrylic resin, presented in aqueous solution, produced by Elf-Atochem under the trade name ,,FORAPERLEx 321". Our work will describe the product and give some information about its effectiveness. It will be shown that water absorption decrease without change in permeability to water vapour of the treated samples. In order to have a better understanding of the capability of this product, some experiments have been made with a silicone-based product widely used.

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Lithium Isotope Effects in Cation Exchange Chromatography of Lithium Lactate in Water-Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Water-Acetone Mixed Solvent Media

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-1993-0712 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 48 (7) ◽

pp. 811-818

Author(s):

Takao Oi ◽

Akiko Kondoh ◽

Etsuko Ohno ◽

Morikazu Hosoe

Keyword(s):

Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽

Mixed Solvent ◽

Isotope Effects ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

External Solution ◽

Exchange Chromatography ◽

Lithium Isotope ◽

Isotope Distributions ◽

Lithium Lactate

Abstract Lithium isotope separation by ion exchange displacement chromatography of lithium lactate in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water-acetone mixed solvent media at 25 °C was explored. In both the water-DMSO and water-acetone system, the single stage isotope separation factor (S) was a convex function of the mixing ratio of the solvents in the external solution phase; S had its maximum value of 1.00254 at water: DMSO = 25:75 v/v and 1.00182 at water: acetone = 75:25 v/v. Strong correlations of S with solvent partitions between the solution and the exchanger phases were found in both systems, which was qualitatively explainable by considering the lithium isotope distributions between the two phases based on the fundamental lithium isotope effects and the relative affinities of water, DMSO and acetone towards the lithium ion.

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Ab initio Molecular Orbital Calculations of Reduced Partition Function Ratios of Hydrated Lithium Ions in Ion Exchange Systems

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A ◽

10.1515/zna-2001-0312 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 56 (3-4) ◽

pp. 297-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Satoshi Yanase ◽

Takao Oi

Keyword(s):

Partition Function ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Molecular Orbital ◽

Isotope Effects ◽

Isotope Separation ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Molecular Orbital Calculations ◽

Lithium Isotope ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Additional Water

Abstract Molecular orbital (MO) calculations at the HF/6-31G(d) level were carried out for the aquolithium ions, Li+(H2O)n (n = 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 12) and the aquolithium ions interacting with the methyl sulfonate ion (MeS-), Li+MeS-(H2O)n (n = 0, 3,4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 10) which were, respectively, intended to be substitutes for lithium species in the solution and resin phases of ion exchange systems for lithium isotope separation. For each of the species considered, at least one optimized structure with no negative frequency was obtained, and the 7Li-to-6Li isotopic reduced partition function ratio (RPFR) was estimated for the optimized structure. The solvation number in the primary solvation sphere was four, both in the solution and resin phases; three waters and MeS" formed the primary solvation sphere in the res in phase. Additional water molecules moved off to the secondary solvation sphere. It was found that consideration on the primary solvation sphere alone was insufficient for estimations of reduced partition function ratios of aquolithium ions. Although the agreement between the experimentally obtained lithium isotope fractionation and the calculated results is not satisfactory, it is pointed out that the HF/6-31 G(d) level of the theory is usable for elucidation of lithium isotope effects in aqueous ion exchange systems.

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Synthesis of High Specific Surface Lithium ion Sieve Templated by Bacterial Cellulose for Selective Adsorption of Li+

10.21203/rs.3.rs-580568/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xudong Zheng ◽

Ang Li ◽

Dandan Wang ◽

Da Xia ◽

Yuzhe Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Sea Water ◽

Hydrothermal Reaction ◽

Salt Lake ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Nuclear Industry ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

Adsorption Effect

Abstract In recent years, the lithium market has ushered in a golden period of development. With the development of batteries, ceramics, glass, lubricants, refrigerants, the nuclear industry and the optoelectronics industry, the demand for lithium has grown rapidly, and continuous mining has led to scarcity of land resources. On the other hand, due to the rich lithium resources in sea water and salt lake brines. How to selectively adsorb and separate lithium ions from seawater and salt lake brine has attracted more and more scholars' attention and research. Lithium ion sieve stands out because of its excellent performance of specific adsorption and separation of lithium ions. This article reports the preparation of mesoporous TiO2 and LiOH hydrothermal reaction using bacterial cellulose as a biological template. After calcination at 600°C, spinel lithium titanium oxide Li2TiO3 is formed. H2TiO3 was obtained by eluting the precursor with HCl eluent. FT-IR, SEM and XRD were used to characterize Li2TiO3 and H2TiO3. The adsorption performance of H2TiO3 was studied through adsorption pH, adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, competitive adsorption and so on. The results show that H2TiO3 is a single layer chemical adsorption process, which has a good adsorption effect on lithium ions at pH 11.0, with the maximum adsorption capacity can reach 35.45 mg·g− 1. The lithium ion sieve has selective adsorption to Li+, and its distribution coefficient is 2242.548 mL g− 1. It may be predicted that the lithium-ion sieve prepared by biological template has a broad application prospect.

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Effect of thermal history of aqueous solutions of KCl on the metastable zone width

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19840559 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 559-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jaroslav Nývlt

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Aqueous Solutions ◽

Thermal History ◽

Equilibrium Solubility ◽

Metastable Zone Width ◽

Zone Width ◽

Preceding Experiment ◽

History Of ◽

Metastable Zone ◽

The Given

The metastable zone width of an aqueous solution of KCI was measured as a function of the time and temperature of overheating above the equilibrium solubility temperature. It has been found that when the experiments follow close upon one another, the parameters of the preceding experiment affect the results of the experiment to follow.The results are interpreted in terms of hypotheses advanced in the literature to account for the effect of thermal history of solution. The plausibility and applicability of these hypotheses are assessed for the given cause of aqueous solution of a well soluble electrolyte.

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