Cu-Zn Alloy Metallization Through Reduction-Diffusion Method Using Ionic Liquid Bath at Medium-Low Temperatures

Aspartate racemase catalyzes the interconversion between L-aspartate and D-aspartate and belongs to the PLP-independent racemases. The enzyme from the lactic acid bacteriumLactobacillus sakeiNBRC 15893, isolated fromkimoto, is considered to be involved in D-aspartate synthesis during the brewing process of Japanese sake at low temperatures. The enzyme was crystallized at 293 K by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using 25%(v/v) PEG MME 550, 5%(v/v) 2-propanol. The crystal belonged to space groupP3121, with unit-cell parametersa=b= 104.68,c= 97.29 Å, and diffracted to 2.6 Å resolution. Structure determination is under way.

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Industrial uses and applications of ionic liquids

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2017-0191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Keith E. Gutowski

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Ionic Liquids ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Chemical Processing ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Thermal Stabilities ◽

Packaged Goods ◽

Consumer Packaged Goods

Abstract Ionic liquids are salts that melt at low temperatures (usually defined as less than 100 °C) and have a number of interesting properties that make them useful for industrial applications. Typical ionic liquid properties include high thermal stabilities, negligible vapor pressures, wide liquidus ranges, broad electrochemical windows, and unique solvation properties. Furthermore, the potential combinations of cations and anions provide nearly unlimited chemical tunability. This article will describe the diverse industrial uses of ionic liquids and how their unique properties are leveraged, with examples ranging from chemical processing to consumer packaged goods.

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Cluster–Micelle Transition of a Thermo- and Photoresponsive ABC Triblock Copolymer in an Ionic Liquid

Australian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1071/ch18349 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Aya Saruwatari ◽

Kei Hashimoto ◽

Ryota Tamate ◽

Ryoji Usui ◽

Hisashi Kokubo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Transition Temperature ◽

Ethylene Oxide ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Triblock Copolymer ◽

Abc Triblock Copolymer ◽

Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Azobenzene Groups

We report the photocontrollable micelle–cluster transition of an ABC-type triblock copolymer in an ionic liquid (IL). Polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(4-phenylazobenzyl acrylamide-r-N-isopropylacrylamide) (PSt-b-PEO-b-P(AzoBnAm-r-NIPAm)) was synthesised, where PSt is IL-phobic, PEO is IL-philic, and P(AzoBnAm-r-NIPAm) is photo- and thermoresponsive in the IL. At high temperatures, the triblock copolymer forms micelles with PSt cores; furthermore, at low temperatures, micelles self-assemble into clusters induced by the aggregation of P(AzoBnAm-r-NIPAm). Under UV irradiation, the micelles form clusters at lower temperatures than that in the dark because of the change in the solubility of P(AzoBnAm-r-NIPAm) induced by photoisomerisation of the azobenzene groups, indicating that this triblock copolymer has a photocontrollable micelle–cluster transition temperature.

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