Abstract. This study seeks to understand the compositional details of N-containing
aromatic compounds (NACs) emitted during biomass burning (BB) and their
contribution to light-absorbing organic carbon (OC), also termed brown carbon
(BrC). Three laboratory BB experiments were conducted with two United States pine
forest understory fuels typical of those consumed during prescribed fires.
During the experiments, submicron aerosol particles were collected on filter
media and subsequently extracted with methanol and examined for their optical
and chemical properties. Significant correlations (p<0.05) were
observed between BrC absorption and elemental carbon (EC)∕OC ratios for
individual burns data. However, the pooled experimental data indicated that
EC∕OC alone cannot explain the BB BrC absorption. Fourteen NAC formulas were
identified in the BB samples, most of which were also observed in simulated
secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from photooxidation of aromatic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with
NOx. However, the molecular structures associated with the identical NAC
formula from BB and SOA are different. In this work, the identified NACs from
BB are featured by methoxy and cyanate groups and are predominately
generated during the flaming phase. The mass concentrations of identified
NACs were quantified using authentic and surrogate standards, and their
contributions to bulk light absorption of solvent-extractable OC were also
calculated. The contributions of identified NACs to organic matter (OM) and
BrC absorption were significantly higher in flaming-phase samples than those
in smoldering-phase samples, and they correlated with the EC∕OC ratio
(p<0.05) for both individual burns and pooled experimental data, indicating that
the formation of NACs from BB largely depends on burn conditions. The average
contributions of identified NACs to overall BrC absorption at 365 nm ranged
from 0.087±0.024 % to 1.22±0.54 %, which is 3–10 times higher than
their mass contributions to OM (0.023±0.0089 % to 0.18±0.067 %), so the NACs with light absorption identified in this work from BB
are likely strong BrC chromophores. Further studies are warranted to identify
more light-absorbing compounds to explain the unknown fraction (>98 %) of BB BrC absorption.