A high-pressure cell forin situX-ray reflectivity measurements of liquid/solid interfaces at hydrostatic pressures up to 500 MPa (5 kbar), a pressure regime that is particularly important for the study of protein unfolding, is presented. The original set-up of this hydrostatic high-pressure cell is discussed and its unique properties are demonstrated by the investigation of pressure-induced adsorption of the protein lysozyme onto hydrophobic silicon wafers. The presented results emphasize the enormous potential of X-ray reflectivity studies under high hydrostatic pressure conditions for thein situinvestigation of adsorption phenomena in biological systems.
High pressure cell for edge jumping X-ray absorption spectroscopy: Applications to industrial liquid sulfidation of hydrotreatment catalysts