Effect of carbohydrate intake on de novo lipogenesis in human adipose tissue

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. E664-E669 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chascione ◽  
D. H. Elwyn ◽  
M. Davila ◽  
K. M. Gil ◽  
J. Askanazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Triglyceride Synthesis ◽  
High Carbohydrate

Rates of synthesis, from [14C]glucose, of fatty acids (de novo lipogenesis) and glycerol (triglyceride synthesis) were measured in biopsies of adipose tissue from nutritionally depleted patients given low- or high-carbohydrate intravenous nutrition. Simultaneously, energy expenditure and whole-body lipogenesis were measured by indirect calorimetry. Rates of whole-body lipogenesis were zero on the low-carbohydrate diet and averaged 1.6 g.kg-1.day-1 on the high-carbohydrate diet. In vitro rates of triglyceride synthesis increased 3-fold going from the low to the high intake; rates of fatty acid synthesis increased approximately 80-fold. In vitro, lipogenesis accounted for less than 0.1% of triglyceride synthesis on the low intake and 4% on the high intake. On the high-carbohydrate intake, in vitro rates of triglyceride synthesis accounted for 61% of the rates of unidirectional triglyceride synthesis measured by indirect calorimetry. In vitro rates of lipogenesis accounted for 7% of whole-body lipogenesis. Discrepancies between in vitro rates of fatty acid synthesis from glucose, compared with acetate and citrate, as reported by others, suggest that in depleted patients on hypercaloric high-carbohydrate diets, adipose tissue may account for up to 40% of whole-body lipogenesis.

Influence of diet on the modeling of adipose tissue triglycerides during growth

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. E917-E925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Z. Brunengraber ◽  
Brendan J. McCabe ◽  
Takhar Kasumov ◽  
James C. Alexander ◽  
Visvanathan Chandramouli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Triglyceride Synthesis ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

We have studied the accretion of lipids in growing mice. We measured the rates of synthesis and degradation of triglycerides in epididymal fat pads of mice maintained for 44 days on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet ( I) or a high-fat, lowcarbohydrate diet ( II). 2H2O was added to the drinking water for 14 days. Rates of incorporation/washout of 2H to/from C1 of triglyceride-glycerol showed that triglyceride synthesis was greater than triglyceride degradation (net triglyceride balance was ∼2.5 times greater in II than in I). The data also show that the contribution of de novo lipogenesis to triglyceride-bound palmitate was ∼3 times greater in I than in II. This was consistent with a greater relative intake of carbohydrate in I vs. II. The rates of incorporation and washout of newly synthesized (2H-labeled) palmitate into and from triglycerides were also measured. Those data suggested a remodeling of triglyceride-bound fatty acids. On measuring the profile of triglyceride-bound fatty acids, we observed a decrease in the relative abundance of triglyceride-bound palmitate and stearate and an increase in triglyceride-bound oleate and linoleate. This was observed in I and II. In summary, diet substantially affects the deposition and modeling of triglycerides in adipose tissue during growth. 2H2O can be used to examine the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of triglycerides, e.g., factors that affect 1) triglyceride synthesis and degradation and 2) the source of fatty acids that are used in esterification.

scholarly journals A low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases de novo fatty acid synthesis from glycerol and glycerokinase content in the liver of growing rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 494-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreza Lúcia Menezes ◽  
Mayara Peron Pereira ◽  
Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽  
Maísa Pavani dos Santos ◽  
Suélem Aparecida de França ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein

Low-protein, high-carbohydrate diet increases glucose uptake and fatty acid synthesis in brown adipose tissue of rats

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suélem Aparecida de França ◽  
Maísa Pavani dos Santos ◽  
Roger Vinícius Nunes Queiroz da Costa ◽  
Mendalli Froelich ◽  
Samyra Lopes Buzelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
High Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Brown Adipose

Effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on fatty acid synthesis and uptake in Syrian hamsters

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R153-R158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Bhatia ◽  
G. N. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Syrian Hamsters

The effects of pregnancy and ovarian steroids on the in vivo distribution of newly synthesized fatty acids (incorporation of tritium from 3H2O into fatty acid) in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were examined. During late, but not early, gestation hamsters had reduced levels of newly synthesized fatty acids in heart, liver, uterus, and white adipose tissues (parametrial and inguinal fat pads). Treatment of ovariectomized hamsters with estradiol + progesterone significantly decreased fatty acid synthesis-uptake in heart, liver, and inguinal white adipose tissue. Treatment with either estradiol or progesterone alone was without significant effect in any tissue. Pretreatment of hamsters with Triton WR-1339 (tyloxapol), an inhibitor of lipoprotein lipase activity and tissue triglyceride uptake, abolished the effects of estradiol + progesterone in white adipose tissue and heart but not in liver. Thus hamsters lose body fat during pregnancy in part because of decreased de novo lipogenesis. The effect of pregnancy on lipogenesis is mimicked by treatment with estradiol + progesterone but not by either hormone alone. Furthermore, it appears that the liver is the principal site of estradiol + progesterone action on lipogenesis in Syrian hamsters.

Development of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in tissues of the ob/ob mouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. E101-E107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Kaplan ◽  
G. A. Leveille
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase

Lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity are evaluated in adipose tissue, liver, and diaphragm of ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, hepatic fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]glucose is elevated by 4 wk of age, and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis increases at approximately 7 wk. Hepatic activities in ob/ob mice of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are dramatically increased by 7 wk of age. Diminished insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis is first noted in the diaphragm of ob/ob mice at 7 wk of age. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is impaired at 3 wk. At 7 wk, insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is markedly increased. Adipose tissue glyceride-glycerol synthesis continues to increase throughout development, whereas fatty acid synthesis decreases after 7 wk. The data suggest that alterations in lipid synthesis occur very early in the development of ob/ob mouse, prior to expression to overt obesity, at which time a major contribution to lipogenesis is made by the liver. The altered de novo lipogenesis does not precede the reported diminution in energy metabolism.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue—Breast Cancer Crosstalk Leads to Increased Tumor Lipogenesis Associated with Enhanced Tumor Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11881
Author(s):  
Peter Micallef ◽  
Yanling Wu ◽  
Marco Bauzá-Thorbrügge ◽  
Belén Chanclón ◽  
Milica Vujičić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Accelerated Growth ◽  
Opposing Effects

We sought to identify therapeutic targets for breast cancer by investigating the metabolic symbiosis between breast cancer and adipose tissue. To this end, we compared orthotopic E0771 breast cancer tumors that were in direct contact with adipose tissue with ectopic E0771 tumors in mice. Orthotopic tumors grew faster and displayed increased de novo lipogenesis compared to ectopic tumors. Adipocytes release large amounts of lactate, and we found that both lactate pretreatment and adipose tissue co-culture augmented de novo lipogenesis in E0771 cells. Continuous treatment with the selective FASN inhibitor Fasnall dose-dependently decreased the E0771 viability in vitro. However, daily Fasnall injections were effective only in 50% of the tumors, while the other 50% displayed accelerated growth. These opposing effects of Fasnall in vivo was recapitulated in vitro; intermittent Fasnall treatment increased the E0771 viability at lower concentrations and suppressed the viability at higher concentrations. In conclusion, our data suggest that adipose tissue enhances tumor growth by stimulating lipogenesis. However, targeting lipogenesis alone can be deleterious. To circumvent the tumor’s ability to adapt to treatment, we therefore believe that it is necessary to apply an aggressive treatment, preferably targeting several metabolic pathways simultaneously, together with conventional therapy.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Microalgae

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saioa Gómez-Zorita ◽  
Jenifer Trepiana ◽  
Maitane González-Arceo ◽  
Leixuri Aguirre ◽  
Iñaki Milton-Laskibar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
De Novo Lipogenesis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Brown Adipose

In recent years, microalgae have attracted great interest for their potential applications in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry as an interesting source of bioactive medicinal products and food ingredients with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-microbial properties. One potential application for bioactive microalgae compounds is obesity treatment. This review gathers together in vitro and in vivo studies which address the anti-obesity effects of microalgae extracts. The scientific literature supplies evidence supporting an anti-obesity effect of several microalgae: Euglena gracilis, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Spirulina maxima, Spirulina platensis, or Nitzschia laevis. Regarding the mechanisms of action, microalgae can inhibit pre-adipocyte differentiation and reduce de novo lipogenesis and triglyceride (TG) assembly, thus limiting TG accumulation. Increased lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation can also be observed. Finally, microalgae can induce increased energy expenditure via thermogenesis activation in brown adipose tissue, and browning in white adipose tissue. Along with the reduction in body fat accumulation, other hallmarks of individuals with obesity, such as enhanced plasma lipid levels, insulin resistance, diabetes, or systemic low-grade inflammation are also improved by microalgae treatment. Not only the anti-obesity effect of microalgae but also the improvement of several comorbidities, previously observed in preclinical studies, has been confirmed in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Effects of Prolactin in Vitro on Fatty Acid Synthesis in Rat Adipose Tissue

1959 ◽  
Vol 234 (12) ◽  
pp. 3111-3114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert I. Winegrad ◽  
Walter N. Shaw ◽  
Francis D.W. Lukens ◽  
William C. Stadie
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue
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