PET study of 11C-acetoacetate kinetics in rat brain during dietary treatments affecting ketosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. E796-E801 ◽  
Author(s):  
M'hamed Bentourkia ◽  
Sébastien Tremblay ◽  
Fabien Pifferi ◽  
Jacques Rousseau ◽  
Roger Lecomte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Brain Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
The Brain

Normally, the brain's fuel is glucose, but during fasting it increasingly relies on ketones (β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and acetone) produced in liver mitochondria from fatty acid β-oxidation. Although moderately raised blood ketones produced on a very high fat ketogenic diet have important clinical effects on the brain, including reducing seizures, ketone metabolism by the brain is still poorly understood. The aim of the present work was to assess brain uptake of carbon-11-labeled acetoacetate (11C-acetoacetate) by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the intact, living rat. To vary plasma ketones, we used three dietary conditions: high carbohydrate control diet (low plasma ketones), fat-rich ketogenic diet (raised plasma ketones), and 48-h fasting (raised plasma ketones). 11C-acetoacetate metabolism was measured in the brain, heart, and tissue in the mouth area. Using 11C-acetoacetate and small animal PET imaging, we have noninvasively quantified an approximately seven- to eightfold enhanced brain uptake of ketones on a ketogenic diet or during fasting. This opens up an opportunity to study brain ketone metabolism in humans.

scholarly journals 18F-FIMP: a LAT1-specific PET probe for discrimination between tumor tissue and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Nozaki ◽  
Yuka Nakatani ◽  
Aya Mawatari ◽  
Nina Shibata ◽  
William E. Hume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Tumor Tissues

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can assist in the early-phase diagnostic and therapeutic evaluation of tumors. Here, we report the radiosynthesis, small animal PET imaging, and biological evaluation of a L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1)-specific PET probe, 18F-FIMP. This probe demonstrates increased tumor specificity, compared to existing tumor-specific PET probes (18F-FET, 11C-MET, and 18F-FDG). Evaluation of probes by in vivo PET imaging, 18F-FIMP showed intense accumulation in LAT1-positive tumor tissues, but not in inflamed lesions, whereas intense accumulation of 18F-FDG was observed in both tumor tissues and in inflamed lesions. Metabolite analysis showed that 18F-FIMP was stable in liver microsomes, and mice tissues (plasma, urine, liver, pancreas, and tumor). Investigation of the protein incorporation of 18F-FIMP showed that it was not incorporated into protein. Furthermore, the expected mean absorbed dose of 18F-FIMP in humans was comparable or slightly higher than that of 18F-FDG and indicated that 18F-FIMP may be a safe PET probe for use in humans. 18F-FIMP may provide improved specificity for tumor diagnosis, compared to 18F-FDG, 18F-FET, and 11C-MET. This probe may be suitable for PET imaging for glioblastoma and the early-phase monitoring of cancer therapy outcomes.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of an adjustable gantry PET (AGPET) for small animal PET imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hankyeol Song ◽  
In Soo Kang ◽  
Kyu Bom Kim ◽  
Chanwoo Park ◽  
Min Kyu Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Animal Pet

scholarly journals Imaging Salt Uptake Dynamics in Plants Using PET

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Ariño-Estrada ◽  
Gregory S. Mitchell ◽  
Prasenjit Saha ◽  
Ahmad Arzani ◽  
Simon R. Cherry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sodium Transport ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Transport Dynamics ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Over Time

AbstractSoil salinity is a global environmental challenge for crop production. Understanding the uptake and transport properties of salt in plants is crucial to evaluate their potential for growth in high salinity soils and as a basis for engineering varieties with increased salt tolerance. Positron emission tomography (PET), traditionally used in medical and animal imaging applications for assessing and quantifying the dynamic bio-distribution of molecular species, has the potential to provide useful measurements of salt transport dynamics in an intact plant. Here we report on the feasibility of studying the dynamic transport of 22Na in millet using PET. Twenty-four green foxtail (Setaria viridis L. Beauv.) plants, 12 of each of two different accessions, were incubated in a growth solution containing 22Na+ ions and imaged at 5 time points over a 2-week period using a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. The reconstructed PET images showed clear evidence of sodium transport throughout the whole plant over time. Quantitative region-of-interest analysis of the PET data confirmed a strong correlation between total 22Na activity in the plants and time. Our results showed consistent salt transport dynamics within plants of the same variety and important differences between the accessions. These differences were corroborated by independent measurement of Na+ content and expression of the NHX transcript, a gene implicated in sodium transport. Our results demonstrate that PET can be used to quantitatively evaluate the transport of sodium in plants over time and, potentially, to discern differing salt-tolerance properties between plant varieties. In this paper, we also address the practical radiation safety aspects of working with 22Na in the context of plant imaging and describe a robust pipeline for handling and incubating plants. We conclude that PET is a promising and practical candidate technology to complement more traditional salt analysis methods and provide insights into systems-level salt transport mechanisms in intact plants.

Development of a small animal PET imaging device with resolution approaching 1 mm

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Correia ◽  
C.A. Burnham ◽  
D. Kaufman ◽  
A.J. Fischman
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Animal Pet

scholarly journals The distribution of D2/D3 receptor binding in the adolescent rhesus monkey using small animal PET imaging

NeuroImage ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
B CHRISTIAN ◽  
N VANDEHEY ◽  
A FOX ◽  
D MURALI ◽  
T OAKES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
D3 Receptor ◽  
Animal Pet

scholarly journals NEMA NU4-2008 Performance Evaluation of Albira: A Two-Ring Small-Animal PET System Using Continuous LYSO Crystals

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Z. Pajak ◽  
David Volgyes ◽  
Sally L. Pimlott ◽  
Carlos C. Salvador ◽  
Antonio S. Asensi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Small Animal Imaging ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Good Spatial Resolution ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Animal Images ◽  
Pet System

Goals:This paper presents the performance review based on a dual-ring Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanner being a part of Bruker Albira: a multi-modal small-animal imaging platform. Each ring of Albira PET contains eight detectors arranged as octagon, and each detector is built using a single continuous lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate crystal and multi-anode photo multiplier tube. In two-ring configuration, the scanner covers 94.4 mm in axial- and 80´80 mm in trans-axial direction, which is sufficient to acquire images of small animals (e.g.mice) without the need of moving the animal bed during the scan.Methods:All measurements and majority of data processing were performed according to the NEMA NU4-2008 standard with one exception. Due to the scanner geometry, the spatial resolution test was reconstructed using iterative algorithm instead of the analytical one. The main performance characteristics were compared with those of the other PET sub-systems of tri-modal small-animal scanners.Results:The measured spatial resolution at the centre of the axial field of view in radial, tangential and axial directions was 1.72, 1.70 and 2.45 mm, respectively. The scatter fraction for the mouse-like phantom was 9.8% and for the rat-like phantom, 21.8%. The maximum absolute sensitivity was 5.30%. Finally, the recovery co-efficients for 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 mm diameter rods in image quality phantom were: 0.90, 0.77, 0.66, 0.30 and 0.05, respectively.Conclusion:The Bruker Albira is a versatile small-animal multi-modal device that can be used for variety of studies. Overall the PET sub-system provides a good spatial resolution coupled with better-than average sensitivity and the ability to produce good quality animal images when administering low activities.

scholarly journals PET Imaging of [11C]MPC-6827, a Microtubule-Based Radiotracer in Non-Human Primate Brains

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Naresh Damuka ◽  
Paul Czoty ◽  
Ashley Davis ◽  
Michael Nader ◽  
Susan Nader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Scan Data ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Human Primate

Dysregulation of microtubules is commonly associated with several psychiatric and neurological disorders, including addiction and Alzheimer’s disease. Imaging of microtubules in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) could provide valuable information on their role in the development of disease pathogenesis and aid in improving therapeutic regimens. We developed [11C]MPC-6827, the first brain-penetrating PET radiotracer to image microtubules in vivo in the mouse brain. The aim of the present study was to assess the reproducibility of [11C]MPC-6827 PET imaging in non-human primate brains. Two dynamic 0–120 min PET/CT imaging scans were performed in each of four healthy male cynomolgus monkeys approximately one week apart. Time activity curves (TACs) and standard uptake values (SUVs) were determined for whole brains and specific regions of the brains and compared between the “test” and “retest” data. [11C]MPC-6827 showed excellent brain uptake with good pharmacokinetics in non-human primate brains, with significant correlation between the test and retest scan data (r = 0.77, p = 0.023). These initial evaluations demonstrate the high translational potential of [11C]MPC-6827 to image microtubules in the brain in vivo in monkey models of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

scholarly journals New 55Co-labeled Albumin-Binding Folate Derivatives as Potential PET Agents for Folate Receptor Imaging

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Radford ◽  
Solana Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca Beacham ◽  
Retta El Sayed ◽  
Renata Farkas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folate Receptor ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Receptor Imaging ◽  
Albumin Binding ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Biodistribution Studies ◽  
Positron Emission

Overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) on different tumor types (e.g., ovarian, lung) make FRs attractive in vivo targets for directed diagnostic/therapeutic agents. Currently, no diagnostic agent suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) has been adopted for clinical FR imaging. In this work, two 55Co-labeled albumin-binding folate derivatives-[55Co]Co-cm10 and [55Co]Co-rf42-with characteristics suitable for PET imaging have been developed and evaluated. High radiochemical yields (≥95%) and in vitro stabilities (≥93%) were achieved for both compounds, and cell assays demonstrated FR-mediated uptake. Both 55Co-labeled folate conjugates demonstrated high tumor uptake of 17% injected activity per gram of tissue (IA/g) at 4 h in biodistribution studies performed in KB tumor-bearing mice. Renal uptake was similar to other albumin-binding folate derivatives, and liver uptake was lower than that of previously reported [64Cu]Cu-rf42. Small animal PET/CT images confirmed the biodistribution results and showed the clear delineation of FR-expressing tumors.

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