Effects ofHange-shashin-to(TJ-14) andKeishi-ka-shakuyaku-to(TJ-60) on contractile activity of circular smooth muscle of the rat distal colon

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (9) ◽  
pp. G1059-G1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Kito ◽  
Noriyoshi Teramoto
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Soluble Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Sk Channels ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Rat Distal Colon ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions

The Japanese Kampo medicines Hange-shashin-to (TJ-14) and Keishi-ka-shakuyaku-to (TJ-60) have been used to treat symptoms of human diarrhea on an empirical basis as Japanese traditional medicines. However, it remains unclear how these drugs affect smooth muscle tissues in the distal colon. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of TJ-14 and TJ-60 on the contractile activity of circular smooth muscle from the rat distal colon. TJ-14 and TJ-60 (both 1 mg/ml) inhibited spontaneous contractions of circumferentially cut preparations with the mucosa intact. Blockade of nitric oxide (NO) synthase or soluble guanylate cyclase activity abolished the inhibitory effects of TJ-60 but only attenuated the inhibitory effects of TJ-14. Apamin (1 μM), a blocker of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+channels (SK channels), attenuated the inhibitory effects of 5 mg/ml TJ-60 but not those of 5 mg/ml TJ-14. TJ-14 suppressed contractile responses (phasic contractions and off-contractions) evoked by transmural nerve stimulation and increased basal tone, whereas TJ-60 had little effect on these parameters. These results suggest that 1 mg/ml TJ-14 or TJ-60 likely inhibits spontaneous contractions of the rat distal colon through the production of NO. Activation of SK channels seems to be involved in the inhibitory effects of 5 mg/ml TJ-60. Since TJ-14 has potent inhibitory effects on myogenic and neurogenic contractile activity, TJ-14 may be useful in suppressing gastrointestinal motility.

Alterations in spontaneous contractions in vitro after repeated inflammation of rat distal colon

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. G949-G957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Bossone ◽  
Jeanette M. Hosseini ◽  
Victor Piñeiro-Carrero ◽  
Terez Shea-Donohue
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Rat Distal Colon ◽  
Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Oxide Synthase

In inflammatory bowel disease, smooth muscle function reportedly varies with disease duration. The aim of these studies was to determine changes in the control of spontaneous contractions in a model of experimental colitis that included reinflammation of the healed area. The amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions in circular smooth muscle were determined after intrarectal administration of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in rat distal colon. With the use of a novel paradigm, rats were studied 4 h (acute) or 28 days (healed) after the initial inflammation. At 28 days, rats were studied 4 h after a second inflammation (reinflamed) of the colon. Colitis induced transient increases in the amplitude of spontaneous contractions coincident with a loss of nitric oxide synthase activity. The frequency of contractions was controlled by constitutive nitric oxide in controls. Frequency was increased in healed and reinflamed colon and was associated with a shift in the dominance of neural constitutive nitric oxide synthase control to that of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The initial colitis induced a remodeling of the neural control of spontaneous contractions reflecting changes in their regulation by constitutive nitric oxide synthase and iNOS.

Effect of acute experimental colitis on rabbit colonic smooth muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (4) ◽  
pp. G538-G545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Cohen ◽  
H. W. Kao ◽  
S. T. Tan ◽  
J. Lechago ◽  
W. J. Snape
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Current Pulse ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Resting Membrane Potential ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle

The membrane potential and contractile activity of colonic circular smooth muscle from New Zealand White rabbits were studied after the production of acute experimental colitis. Colitis was induced in the distal colon by rectal infusion of formaldehyde solution, followed by an intravenous bolus of soluble immune complexes. Despite active mucosal inflammation, there are only occasional inflammatory cells in the muscularis. Electrophysiological studies on tissue from control rabbits and rabbits with colitis were performed using double sucrose gap and intracellular microelectrode techniques. The resting membrane potential was lower (-44 +/- 3 mV) in muscle from rabbits with colitis compared with control animals (-54 +/- 2 mV) (P less than 0.02). Amplitude of the electrotonic potential after a hyperpolarizing current pulse was decreased (P less than 0.05) and the time constant was shortened (P less than 0.01) in muscle from animals with colitis compared with normal animals. Amplitude (13.1 +/- 2.3 mV) and maximum rate of rise (0.24 +/- 0.06 V/s) of the spike potential, initiated by a depolarizing current pulse, were decreased in muscle from animals with colitis compared with muscle from healthy animals (P less than 0.001). Isometric tension generation after electrical and chemical depolarization of the membrane or bethanechol administration was decreased (P less than 0.001) in muscle from colitic animals. These studies suggest 1) membrane resistance and membrane potential are decreased in muscle strips from animals with colitis; and 2) there is a disturbance in the electrical and mechanical response of these tissues after stimulation.

Mechanisms underlying the nitric oxide inhibitory effects in mouse ileal longitudinal muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 805-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Zizzo ◽  
Flavia Mulè ◽  
Rosa Serio
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Calcium Stores ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Smooth Muscle ◽  
Sarcoplasmatic Reticulum ◽  
Spontaneous Contractions ◽  
Mouse Ileum

We investigated the mechanisms involved in the nitric oxide (NO)-induced inhibitory effects on longitudinal smooth muscle of mouse ileum, using organ bath technique. Exogenously applied NO, delivered as sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 0.1–100 µmol/L) induced a concentration-dependent reduction of the ileal spontaneous contractions. 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolol[4,3,a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 1 µmol/L), a guanilyl cyclase inhibitor, reduced the SNP-induced effects. Tetraethylammonium chloride (20 mmol/L), a non-selective K+ channel blocker, and charybdotoxin (0.1 µmol/L), blocker of large conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, significantly reduced SNP-induced inhibitory effects. In contrast, apamin (0.1 µmol/L), blocker of small conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, was not able to affect the response to SNP. Ciclopiazonic acid (10 µmol/L) or thapsigargin (0.1 µmol/L), sarcoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibitors, decreased the SNP-inhibitory effects. Ryanodine (10 µmol/L), inhibitor of Ca2+ release from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores, significantly reduced the SNP inhibitory effects. The membrane permeable analogue of cGMP, 8-bromoguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (100 µmol/L), also reduced spontaneous mechanical activity, and its effect was antagonized by ryanodine. The present study suggests that NO causes inhibitory effects on longitudinal smooth muscle of mouse ileum through cGMP which in turn would activate the large conductance Ca2+-dependent K+ channels, via localized ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+ release.Key words: nitric oxide, mouse ileum, potassium channels, calcium stores.

Massive intestinal resection depresses circular smooth muscle contractility in the rat

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 1443-1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth C. Chin ◽  
Daimen T. M. Tan ◽  
R. Brent Scott
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Muscle Contractility ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽  
Phasic Activity ◽  
Circular Smooth Muscle

To determine whether functional changes in in vitro contractility and in vivo gastrointestinal transit accompany the adaptive structural changes seen in jejunal circular muscle after massive intestinal resection, rats were subjected to either surgical resection of 75% of the mid-jejunoileum or a sham operation. Basal stress in response to stretch was similar for both groups on postoperative days 10, 20, 30, and 40. By day 10 after surgery, tissues from resected rats exhibited a significant reduction in bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress and in frequency of phasic contractions. The amplitude of spontaneous phasic activity was significantly increased; however, following cholinergic stimulation, the magnitude of the increase in the amplitude of phasic activity was significantly reduced. Experiments with tetrodotoxin (10−6 M) indicated a myogenic origin to the reduction in bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress and the reduced frequency and altered amplitude of phasic contractile activity in resected animals. The tonic stress developed in response to depolarization with KCl did not differ significantly between sham-operated and resected rats. Transit studies showed no change in the rate of gastric emptying after resection but did reveal a significant reduction in the velocity of intestinal transit. Thus, following massive intestinal resection the bethanechol-stimulated tonic stress response and phasic contractile activity of circular smooth muscle are significantly reduced, concomitant with altered intestinal transit. The reduction in contractility in the resected animals may be due to an alteration at the level of the smooth muscle receptor and (or) its signal transduction pathway.Key words: short gut, intestinal circular smooth muscle, contractility, adaptation.

Mice lacking the dopamine transporter display altered regulation of distal colonic motility

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. G311-G318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia K. L. Walker ◽  
Raul R. Gainetdinov ◽  
Allen W. Mangel ◽  
Marc G. Caron ◽  
Michael A. Shetzline
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Colonic Motility ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Motility Index ◽  
Organ Tissue ◽  
Altered Regulation ◽  
Species Specific

The mechanisms by which dopamine (DA) influences gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility are incompletely understood and complicated by tissue- and species-specific differences in dopaminergic function. To improve the understanding of DA action on GI motility, we used an organ tissue bath system to characterize motor function of distal colonic smooth muscle segments from wild-type and DA transporter knockout (DAT −/−) mice. In wild-type mice, combined blockade of D1 and D2 receptors resulted in significant increases in tone (62 ± 9%), amplitude of spontaneous phasic contractions (167 ± 24%), and electric field stimulation (EFS)-induced (40 ± 8%) contractions, suggesting that endogenous DA is inhibitory to mouse distal colonic motility. The amplitudes of spontaneous phasic and EFS-induced contractions were lower in DAT −/− mice relative to wild-type mice. These differences were eliminated by combined D1 and D2 receptor blockade, indicating that the inhibitory effects of DA on distal colonic motility are potentiated in DAT −/− mice. Motility index was decreased but spontaneous phasic contraction frequency was enhanced in DAT −/− mice relative to wild-type mice. The fact that spontaneous phasic and EFS-induced contractile activity were altered by the lack of the DA transporter suggests an important role for endogenous DA in modulating motility of mouse distal colon.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document