Alteration of myoelectric activity of small intestine by invasive Escherichia coli

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. G57-G62
Author(s):  
T. W. Burns ◽  
J. R. Mathias ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
G. M. Carlson ◽  
R. P. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Discharge Activity ◽  
Electrode Recording ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Potential Complex

Invasive strains of Escherichia coli (4608-58 and TD 213 CL) altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. The altered myoelectric activity had two distinct complex patterns. The first was defined as repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAPs) that occurred predominantly in infected ligated ileal loops. The RBAP activity is characterized by action potential discharge activity greater than 1.5 s in duration and occurring on three or more successive slow waves on the same electrode recording site. These bursts of action potentials often migrated to adjacent electrode sites. The second complex pattern, defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), occurred predominantly in the uninfected small intestine orad to the ligated ileal loop. The MAPC consists of action potential discharge activity of 2.5 s or longer that propagates aborally over at least two consecutive electrode sites. These studies demonstrated an altered myoelectric pattern, the RBAP, characteristic of invasion within the infected ligated loop. The MAPC, characteristic of noninvasion, was noted in the uninfected proximal small intestine.

Escherichia coli heat-stable toxin: its effect on motility of the small intestine

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (4) ◽  
pp. G360-G363 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Mathias ◽  
J. Nogueira ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
G. M. Carlson ◽  
R. A. Giannella
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Complex Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Weight Substance

Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin is a low-molecular-weight substance that has been shown to induce the active secretion of fluid and electrolytes in the small intestine. In this study, we have characterized the effects of purified E. coli heat-stable toxin (ST, strain 18D, serotype 042:K86:H37) on the motility of rabbit small intestine by using myoelectric recording techniques. Substances, such as cholera toxin, that activate the adenylate cyclase-cAMP system induced predominantly migrating action-potential complex activity. E. coli ST, a toxin that activates the guanylate cyclase-cGMP system, was infused into isolated in vivo ileal loops of New Zealand White rabbits. Inactivated toxin was also studied by exposing the ST to 1 mM dithiothreitol for 90 min. Active E. coli ST induced only repetitive bursts of action potentials. When the toxin was inactivated with dithiothreitol, no alteration in myoelectric activity was observed. We speculate that repetitive bursts of action-potential activity may represent a virulent factor of the bacterium, altering motor activity to slow transit and allowing for bacterial proliferation and invasion.

Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin: proposed role in pathogenesis of shigellosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. G382-G386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Mathias ◽  
G. M. Carlson ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
R. P. Shields ◽  
S. Formal
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Potential Complex

Bacterial strains of Shigella dysenteriae I (3818-T and 3818-O) and Shigella enterotoxin altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. These agents were compared with activity caused by sterile culture broth or sterile saline. The altered myoelectric activity was characterized by two distinct complexes: repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP), characteristic of invasive strains of bacteria, and the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), characteristic of noninvasive bacteria. RBAP activity was the predominant myoelectric complex observed with S. dysenteriae strain 3818-T, an invader and toxin producer; S. dysenteriae strain 3818-O, a noninvader and toxin producer; and by Shigella enterotoxin. MAPC activity was present but was significantly less in all cases. These studies of the small intestine demonstrate an alteration in myoelectric activity characterized principally by RBAP activity indicative of invasion.

Effect of toxigenic Escherichia coli on myoelectric activity of small intestine.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Burns ◽  
J R Mathias ◽  
G M Carlson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
R P Shields
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Potential Complex

When exposed to cholera toxin (CT), distal ileal loops of the rabbit small intestine showed an alteration in myoelectric activity. This alteration was defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC). The purpose of this study was to determine, using myoelectric recording techniques, the effects of live toxigenic Escherichia coli (TEC) on motility. Live TEC, live nontoxigenic E. coli (NTEC), and culture filtrates of these organisms were studied. Live TEC and its filtrate induced MAPC activity similar to that of CT. Live TEC induced a mean of 3.8 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than induced by live NTEC. TEC filtrate induced a mean of 14.2 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than NTEC filtrate. Heating the TEC filtrate to 100 degrees C before use resulted in a significant decrease of MAPC activity. This experiment demonstrated that live TEC and its culture filtrate altered ileal myoelectric activity. The effect may have been mediated by a heat-labile enterotoxin. This study suggests that alterations in small intestinal motility may be important in the pathogenesis of TEC diarrhea.

Electromyography of the Stomach and Small-Intestine of the Tammar Wallaby, Macropus-Eugenii, and the Quokka, Setonix-Brachyurus

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Richardson ◽  
RS Wyburn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Frequency Gradient

Electromyographic activity recorded by chronically implanted bipolar electrodes showed the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) and the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) to have slow wave activity over the entire stomach and small intestine. Slow wave mean frequency (min-') were: 5.5 and 5.3 for the forestomach; 5.4 and 5.0 for the pylorus; 26 and 17.8 for the duodenum; and 25 and 17.5 for the ileum in the tammar and quokka, respectively. There was virtually no frequency gradient of the slow wave along the length of the small intestine in both macropods, which is extremely unusual. Action potentials were recorded from the quokka stomach but not from the tammar stomach. Action potentials were recorded from the small intestine of both species. The pattern of action potential activity was similar in both species. There were periods of up to 30 minutes during which the intestine was quiescent (q) with no action potential activity. This was followed by extended periods when bursts of action potentials occurred irregularly to be followed by periods of about 5 minutes when action potentials were associated with every slow wave.

Effect of feed intake on digesta flow and myoelectric activity in the gastrointestinal tract of the preruminant calf

1983 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Cyclic Change ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Collection Period ◽  
Electromagnetic Flow Sensor

SUMMARYThe effect of feed intake on abomasal digesta outflow and gastrointestinal motility of preruminant calves given whole milk was studied. Digesta collections were made from calves fitted with re-entrant duodenal cannulas. In other calves myoelectric activity was recorded from electrodes implanted on the abomasum and proximal small intestine, sometimes concurrently with recordings from an electromagnetic flow sensor on the duodenum. After a feed of 2–8 kg milk recurring patterns of intestinal myoelectric activity associated with fasting were temporarily interrupted by a period of continuous irregular spike activity; the duration of the post feeding activity increased with intake of milk. Patterns of abomasal digesta flow were characterized by alternating periods of rapid and slower flow with a frequency that corresponded to cyclic change in myoelectric activity of the small intestine. Hourly rates of abomasal emptying of digesta during a 6-h collection period were significantly greater (P < 0·05) after giving feeds of 6–8 kg milk compared with measurements of flow rate when 2 kg feeds were given. It is concluded that myoelectric activity of the proximal small intestine exercises control over abomasal emptying of digesta by a mechanism which adjusts the mixing and propulsive functions of gut motility in accordance with the amount of milk consumed.

Alterations in motor function of the small intestine from intravenous and intraluminal cholecystokinin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. G724-G728
Author(s):  
C. A. Sninsky ◽  
M. M. Wolfe ◽  
J. E. McGuigan ◽  
J. R. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Portal Venous Blood ◽  
The Individual

Cholecystokinin has been found within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract; however, its effect on intestinal motility has not been studied. We examined the effect of intraluminal and intravenous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) on myoelectric activity in the intestine of rabbits. CCK-OP was infused intraluminally at 1,000 ng X kg-1 X h-1, and portal venous blood samples were obtained hourly for plasma immunoreactive CCK. CCK-OP was also infused intravenously at a similar rate, and hourly peripheral venous blood samples were obtained for plasma immunoreactive CCK. Myoelectric activity was monitored in a 12-cm ligated ileal segment and the proximal adjacent small intestine after the infusion of intraluminal or intravenous CCK-OP. Intraluminal infusion of CCK-OP caused a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in both migrating action potential complexes (MAPC) and repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP) (3.1 +/- 0.8 MAPC/h and 4.6 +/- 1.3 RBAP/h). In contrast, intravenous CCK-OP induced only repetitive bursts of action potentials (8.3 +/- 1.7 RBAP/h, P less than 0.01). In summary, alterations in intestinal motility may vary according to the route of administration of the individual peptide. Furthermore, results from these studies suggest that intraluminal release of regulatory peptides may be important in the modulation of intestinal motility.

Altered intestinal motility precedes diarrhea during Escherichia coli enteric infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. G725-G731 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Sjogren ◽  
P. M. Sherman ◽  
E. C. Boedeker
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Enteric Infection ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Spike Bursts

Changes in ileal and colonic myoelectric activity during the course of enteric infection of rabbits with the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strain RDEC-1 were determined and related to microbiological, histological, and clinical parameters of disease. Rabbits were grouped into early, peak, and late stages of infection based on fecal shedding of bacteria. Weight loss and an increase in prolonged spike bursts (both action potential complexes and ileal migrating action potential complexes) developed early in infection, before the onset of diarrhea. Loose stools subsequently developed coincident with maximal numbers of action potential complexes. The myoelectric responses correlated better with mucosal enteroadherence of bacteria than with luminal colonization. These data demonstrate that, in this animal model of enteroadherent bacterial infection of the intestine, changes in intestinal myoelectric activity precede the onset of clinical diarrhea. In addition, bacterial adherence to the intestinal mucosa appears to be important in eliciting the abnormal myoelectric responses.

The Patterns of Simultaneous Intraluminal Pressure Changes in the Human Proximal Small Intestine

1964 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Friedman ◽  
Jerome D. Waye ◽  
Leonard A. Weingarten ◽  
Henry D. Janowitz
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Pressure Changes

scholarly journals Fimbriae in Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Small Intestine of Piglets

1986 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Berit Κ. Djønne ◽  
Eivind Liven
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine

Influence of microbial species on small intestinal myoelectric activity and transit in germ-free rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. G368-G380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Einar Husebye ◽  
Per M. Hellström ◽  
Frank Sundler ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
Tore Midtvedt
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Burst Activity ◽  
Intestinal Transit ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Regular Spike ◽  
Spike Burst ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Small Intestinal

The effect of an intestinal microflora consisting of selected microbial species on myoelectric activity of small intestine was studied using germ-free rat models, with recording before and after specific intestinal colonization, in the unanesthetized state. Intestinal transit, neuropeptides in blood (RIA), and neuromessengers in the intestinal wall were determined. Clostridium tabificum vp 04 promoted regular spike burst activity, shown by a reduction of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) period from 30.5 ± 3.9 min in the germ-free state to 21.2 ± 0.14 min ( P < 0.01). Lactobacillus acidophilus A10 and Bifidobacterium bifidum B11 reduced the MMC period from 27.9 ± 4.5 to 21.5 ± 2.1 min ( P < 0.02) and accelerated small intestinal transit ( P < 0.05). Micrococcus luteus showed an inhibitory effect, with an MMC period of 35.9 ± 9.3 min compared with 27.7 ± 6.3 min in germ-free rats ( P < 0.01). Inhibition was indicated also for Escherichia coli X7gnotobiotic rats. No consistent changes in slow wave frequency were observed. The concentration of neuropeptide Y in blood decreased after introduction of conventional intestinal microflora, suggesting reduced inhibitory control. Intestinal bacteria promote or suppress the initiation and aboral migration of the MMC depending on the species involved. Bacteria with primitive fermenting metabolism (anaerobes) emerge as important promoters of regular spike burst activity in small intestine.

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