Alterations in motor function of the small intestine from intravenous and intraluminal cholecystokinin

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. G724-G728
Author(s):  
C. A. Sninsky ◽  
M. M. Wolfe ◽  
J. E. McGuigan ◽  
J. R. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Portal Venous Blood ◽  
The Individual

Cholecystokinin has been found within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract; however, its effect on intestinal motility has not been studied. We examined the effect of intraluminal and intravenous infusion of the octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-OP) on myoelectric activity in the intestine of rabbits. CCK-OP was infused intraluminally at 1,000 ng X kg-1 X h-1, and portal venous blood samples were obtained hourly for plasma immunoreactive CCK. CCK-OP was also infused intravenously at a similar rate, and hourly peripheral venous blood samples were obtained for plasma immunoreactive CCK. Myoelectric activity was monitored in a 12-cm ligated ileal segment and the proximal adjacent small intestine after the infusion of intraluminal or intravenous CCK-OP. Intraluminal infusion of CCK-OP caused a significant increase (P less than 0.01) in both migrating action potential complexes (MAPC) and repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP) (3.1 +/- 0.8 MAPC/h and 4.6 +/- 1.3 RBAP/h). In contrast, intravenous CCK-OP induced only repetitive bursts of action potentials (8.3 +/- 1.7 RBAP/h, P less than 0.01). In summary, alterations in intestinal motility may vary according to the route of administration of the individual peptide. Furthermore, results from these studies suggest that intraluminal release of regulatory peptides may be important in the modulation of intestinal motility.

Myoelectric effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on rabbit small intestine

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (1) ◽  
pp. G46-G51
Author(s):  
C. A. Sninsky ◽  
M. M. Wolfe ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
B. A. Howe ◽  
T. M. O'Dorisio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intestinal Secretion ◽  
Similar Rate ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Rabbit Ileum ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Potential Complex

Myoelectric recording techniques were used to study the motility of rabbit ileum during infusions of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). VIP was infused intravenously at a rate of 300 pmol X kg-1 X h-1, and peripheral venous blood samples were obtained hourly for VIP assay. VIP was also infused intraluminally at a similar rate, and hourly portal vein blood samples were obtained for VIP assay. Alterations in motility were observed after both intravenous and intraluminal infusions of VIP. These alterations in motility consisted of the migrating action potential complex and repetitive bursts of action potentials. The VIP infusion rate used and the mean peripheral plasma VIP level of 267 +/- 29 pg/ml attained during intravenous VIP infusion were similar to those that induced intestinal secretion in other animal species. Portal venous VIP levels (93 +/- 21 pg/ml) were unchanged during the intraluminal infusion of VIP. These studies show that intravenous infusion of VIP causes alterations in motility of rabbit ileum. These alterations in motility with concomitant secretion of water and electrolytes may contribute to the diarrhea induced by VIP infusion. In addition, intraluminal infusion of VIP also induced alterations in myoelectric activity, which suggested that this peptide has a luminal effect as well as a hormonal effect.

Water Absorption From the Intestine via Portal and Lymphatic Pathways

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Benson ◽  
Philip R. Lee ◽  
John F. Scholer ◽  
Kwang S. Kim ◽  
Jesse L. Bollman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Intestinal Lymph ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Portal Venous Blood ◽  
Lymphatic Pathway ◽  
Lymphatic Pathways

The content of either D2O or Na24 has been measured in the intestinal lymph, portal venous blood, and femoral arterial blood of unanesthetized hydrated rats after administration of the isotope into the stomach, duodenum, or peripheral or portal vein. Little, if any, water or sodium ion is delivered to the body by a lymphatic pathway after absorption from the small intestine. At least 99% is carried in portal venous blood. The amount of isotope found in intestinal lymph was proportional to lymph volume whatever the route of administration, and derived mainly from the arterial blood. Even during absorption of water or sodium ion from the small intestine the arterial circulation is the principal source of the water and sodium of the lymph.

Effect of Food on Porcine Gut Regulatory Peptides in Arterial and Portal Venous Blood

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Manolas ◽  
T.E. Adrian ◽  
H.M. Dunlop ◽  
Th.C. Kamilaris ◽  
A.J. Bacarese-Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Portal Venous Blood

Shigella dysenteriae I enterotoxin: proposed role in pathogenesis of shigellosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. G382-G386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Mathias ◽  
G. M. Carlson ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
R. P. Shields ◽  
S. Formal
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Culture Broth ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Sterile Culture ◽  
Sterile Saline ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Potential Complex

Bacterial strains of Shigella dysenteriae I (3818-T and 3818-O) and Shigella enterotoxin altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. These agents were compared with activity caused by sterile culture broth or sterile saline. The altered myoelectric activity was characterized by two distinct complexes: repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAP), characteristic of invasive strains of bacteria, and the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), characteristic of noninvasive bacteria. RBAP activity was the predominant myoelectric complex observed with S. dysenteriae strain 3818-T, an invader and toxin producer; S. dysenteriae strain 3818-O, a noninvader and toxin producer; and by Shigella enterotoxin. MAPC activity was present but was significantly less in all cases. These studies of the small intestine demonstrate an alteration in myoelectric activity characterized principally by RBAP activity indicative of invasion.

Alteration of myoelectric activity of small intestine by invasive Escherichia coli

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (1) ◽  
pp. G57-G62
Author(s):  
T. W. Burns ◽  
J. R. Mathias ◽  
J. L. Martin ◽  
G. M. Carlson ◽  
R. P. Shields
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Ileal Loop ◽  
Discharge Activity ◽  
Electrode Recording ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Potential Complex

Invasive strains of Escherichia coli (4608-58 and TD 213 CL) altered myoelectric activity of the small intestine in New Zealand White rabbits. The altered myoelectric activity had two distinct complex patterns. The first was defined as repetitive bursts of action potentials (RBAPs) that occurred predominantly in infected ligated ileal loops. The RBAP activity is characterized by action potential discharge activity greater than 1.5 s in duration and occurring on three or more successive slow waves on the same electrode recording site. These bursts of action potentials often migrated to adjacent electrode sites. The second complex pattern, defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC), occurred predominantly in the uninfected small intestine orad to the ligated ileal loop. The MAPC consists of action potential discharge activity of 2.5 s or longer that propagates aborally over at least two consecutive electrode sites. These studies demonstrated an altered myoelectric pattern, the RBAP, characteristic of invasion within the infected ligated loop. The MAPC, characteristic of noninvasion, was noted in the uninfected proximal small intestine.

Release of secretin along the canine small intestine

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (1) ◽  
pp. G7-G11
Author(s):  
M. Fried ◽  
A. S. Fink ◽  
L. R. DeSouza ◽  
C. Beglinger ◽  
K. Gyr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Duodenal Bulb ◽  
Random Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Portal Venous Blood ◽  
Secretin Release

The profile of secretin release along the entire canine small intestine was examined in this study. Four equal loops of the small gut, from the duodenal bulb to the ileocoecal valve, were isolated. In eight anesthetized dogs the four segments were perfused for 40 min each in random order with an acidified (pH 2.5) emulsion of 20 mM oleic acid. In four dogs control experiments were performed using 0.15 M saline. Secretin release in portal venous blood was measured by a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Although secretin was mainly released in the first quarter of the small intestine (310 pM X 40 min), large amounts of secretin, 33% of the total secretin release, were liberated in the second quarter of the small intestine (164 pM X 40 min). Minute amounts of secretin (23 pM X 40 min) were released in the third quarter, whereas perfusion of the last quarter of the small gut failed to release secretin. We conclude that the major portion of secretin is releasable in the first quarter of the small gut. High amounts of secretin can be liberated in the second quarter of intestine, an area that is probably never exposed to pH below 4.5 (the known threshold for secretin release by acid), but is still exposed to fatty acids (other releasers of secretin).

A complex avian intestinal motility response to fasting

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. G498-G504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Clench ◽  
J. R. Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Bipolar Electrodes ◽  
Predictable Pattern ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Digestive Activity

The rhythmic oscillating complex (ROC) is described from a series of experiments that surveyed the myoelectric activity of the avian small intestine as recorded from chronically implanted bipolar electrodes. A highly organized myoelectric event in the fasting avian small intestine, the ROC is demonstrated in detail in chickens (Gallus); it is also found in other gallinaceous birds but not in owls (Strix) or mammals. The ROC comprises rapidly propagating bursts of spike potentials (SPBs) that occur in a regular and predictable pattern: single orad SPBs alternate with groups of aborad SPBs. An average ROC in a chicken contains a mean of 78.9 +/- 2.0 (mean +/- SE) SPBs (37% orad, 63% aborad) that rapidly traverse the full length of the small intestine. The aborad SPBs move at mean velocities of 25.0 +/- 0.5 cm/s and last a mean of 0.9 +/- 0.0 s at an electrode site; the orad SPBs are faster (41.2 +/- 2.3 cm/s) and longer in duration (1.3 +/- 0.0 s). ROC activity continues for a mean of 7.6 +/- 0.2 min. ROCs occur only in a well-fasted gut as often as every 3 h and apparently for as long as the bird remains without food. Because ROCs restimulate fed-state activity in the stomach and small intestine, we hypothesize that they recycle nutritive material for further digestive activity in the distal tract.

Effect of toxigenic Escherichia coli on myoelectric activity of small intestine.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (3) ◽  
pp. E311 ◽  
Author(s):  
T W Burns ◽  
J R Mathias ◽  
G M Carlson ◽  
J L Martin ◽  
R P Shields
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Intestinal Motility ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Small Intestinal Motility ◽  
Rabbit Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Potential Complex

When exposed to cholera toxin (CT), distal ileal loops of the rabbit small intestine showed an alteration in myoelectric activity. This alteration was defined as the migrating action potential complex (MAPC). The purpose of this study was to determine, using myoelectric recording techniques, the effects of live toxigenic Escherichia coli (TEC) on motility. Live TEC, live nontoxigenic E. coli (NTEC), and culture filtrates of these organisms were studied. Live TEC and its filtrate induced MAPC activity similar to that of CT. Live TEC induced a mean of 3.8 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than induced by live NTEC. TEC filtrate induced a mean of 14.2 MAPCs/h, significantly greater than NTEC filtrate. Heating the TEC filtrate to 100 degrees C before use resulted in a significant decrease of MAPC activity. This experiment demonstrated that live TEC and its culture filtrate altered ileal myoelectric activity. The effect may have been mediated by a heat-labile enterotoxin. This study suggests that alterations in small intestinal motility may be important in the pathogenesis of TEC diarrhea.

P25 DETECTION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS IN POTENTIALLY RESECTABLE ADENOCARCINOMA OF DE DISTAL ESOPHAGUS AND THE GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL JUNCTION DOES NOT INCREASE IN PORTAL VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLES COMPARED TO PERIPHERAL VENOUS BLOOD SAMPLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Depypere Lieven ◽  
Philippron Annouck ◽  
De Preter Katleen ◽  
Coosemans Willy ◽  
Van Veer Hans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Circulating Tumor Cells ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Distal Esophagus ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Abdominal Lymph Node ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Peripheral Venous Blood ◽  
Portal Venous Blood

Abstract Aim To compare the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in portal venous blood samples of patients with potentially resectable adenocarcinoma of de distal esophagus and the gastro-esophageal junction (EAC) with the number of CTCs in peripheral venous blood samples. Background and Methods Detection of (CTCs) in potentially resectable (EAC) is rare in peripheral venous blood samples(1). In lung carcinoma patients, the number of circulating tumor cells was more than 300 fold in the pulmonary vein, compared to the number in peripheral venous blood samples (2). In patients undergoing esophagectomy for cancer, peripheral blood was sampled immediately preoperatively and portal vein blood was sampled intraoperatively during abdominal lymph node dissection. Samples were analyzed for CTCs using the parsortix device (ANGLE): a semi-automated microfluidic system that captures cells based on their size and rigidity. A four-color immunofluorescence technique was used and CK positive, CD45 negative, Hoechst positive and morphologically intact cells with the morphology of a CTC were counted manually. The method was previously compared with the commercially available Cellseach® system and no difference in CTC yield between both methods. Results 20 patients with potentially resectable EAC were evaluated. One peripheral venous sample and two portal venous samples were not applicable. In 5 out of 19 peripheral venous samples (26,3%), one or more CTC’s could be detected, while in this was only the case in 3 out of 18 portal venous samples (16.7%). Conclusions The number of detected CTCs in potentially resectable EAC was not increased in portal venous samples compared to peripheral venous samples. Further research is needed on why detection rate of CTCs in potentially resectable EAC is so low and how detection rate could be increased.

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