Vasomotion induces regular major oscillations in jejunal mucosal tissue oxygenation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. G978-G986 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hasibeder ◽  
R. Germann ◽  
H. Sparr ◽  
M. Haisjackl ◽  
B. Friesenecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Ratio ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Midline Laparotomy ◽  
Jejunal Segment ◽  
Hemoglobin Saturation ◽  
The Mean

The mucosa of the small intestine has some unique microcirculatory features that may result in significant tissue oxygenation changes even under physiological conditions. To prove this hypothesis we investigated mucosal and serosal oxygenation in an autoperfused, innervated jejunal segment in pigs. Eight animals (30-40 kg) were anesthetized, paralyzed, and normoventilated. A small segment of the jejunal mucosa and serosa was exposed by a midline laparotomy and an antimesenteric incision. Mucosal and serosal oxygen tensions were measured using Clark-type surface oxygen electrodes. Mucosal hemoglobin saturation and concentration were determined by tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Systemic hemodynamics, mesenteric-venous acid base, and blood gas variables, as well as systemic acid-base and blood gas variables and jejunal electromyogenic potentials, were recorded. Measurements were performed after a rest period at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min. All animals remained hemodynamically stable. At time 0 the jejunal oxygen extraction ratio was 0.33 +/- 0.05, the mean serosal PO2 was 60.25 +/- 7.69, the mean mucosal PO2 was 25.47 +/- 4.41 mmHg, and the mean mucosal hemoglobin saturation was 46.36 +/- 6.22%. Mean values did not change with time. In contrast to serosal PO2, mucosal PO2, mucosal hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin concentration showed rhythmic oscillations with a frequency of 3.4-5 cycles/min that were unrelated to systemic hemodynamic parameters, respiratory frequency, and intestinal peristalsis. From this we concluded that the jejunal mucosa demonstrates significant, regular changes in oxygenation parameters that are locally mediated. We speculate that the physiological basis for this phenomenon is the countercurrent arrangement of microvessels in conjunction with vasomotion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Application of colloidal-hyperosmolar solution in the early postoperative period in patients after cardiosurgery

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-46
Author(s):  
B.O. Kondratskyi ◽  
V.L. Novak ◽  
Ya.B. Kondratskyi ◽  
L.Ya. Solovey ◽  
S.V. Prymak
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Objective. To substantiate the safety of the infusion drug Hecoton in the early postoperative period in patients after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods. The study involved 60 patients receiving infusions of 200 ml colloid-hyperosmolar solution Gecotone. The solution contains: hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 – 5 %, polyatomic alcohol xylitol – 5 %, sodium lactate – 1.5 % and electrolytes Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, Cl-. The total amount of sodium in the solution is 270 mmol/l, which is 2 times higher than its concentration in blood plasma. The amount of lactate is 133 mmol/l, which is 4 times higher than in isotonic polyelectrolyte solutions. The total osmolarity of the drug is 890 mOsm/l. Vital signs, hemodynamics, glucose, arterial blood gas and acid-base status was evaluated before, during and infusion of medication. Results and discussion. Gecoton infusions had no adverse effect on hemodynamic parameters. All changes were not statistically significant. The mean values of the patient’s body temperature were within the normal range. There was no case of temperature increase above 36.9 °C in all patients after administration of the drug. There was a slight, statistically unreliable increase in the mean glucose level (from 8.57±0.42 to 9.53±0.48 mmol/l), which was most likely due to response to the surgical stress. Dynamics of arterial blood gas and acid-base state shows that pH and PaCO2 practically did not change, decrease of PaO2 from 115.69±5.52 mm Hg to 110,79±4,83 mm Hg after the infusion of Gecotone, was statistically unreliable, the base excess showed little dynamics to increase (from -1.84±0.35 to -1.29±0.23 mmol/l) after administration of Gecotone. Conclusions. The use of the complex colloid-hyperosmolar infusion solution Gecotone in patients after cardiac surgery in the early postoperative period is safe.

scholarly journals Mechanical ventilation-induced alterations of intracellular surfactant pool and blood–gas barrier in healthy and pre-injured lungs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne-Marie Krischer ◽  
Karolin Albert ◽  
Alexander Pfaffenroth ◽  
Elena Lopez-Rodriguez ◽  
Clemens Ruppert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Gas Barrier ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Alveolar Surfactant ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Progression

AbstractMechanical ventilation triggers the manifestation of lung injury and pre-injured lungs are more susceptible. Ventilation-induced abnormalities of alveolar surfactant are involved in injury progression. The effects of mechanical ventilation on the surfactant system might be different in healthy compared to pre-injured lungs. In the present study, we investigated the effects of different positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilations on the structure of the blood–gas barrier, the ultrastructure of alveolar epithelial type II (AE2) cells and the intracellular surfactant pool (= lamellar bodies, LB). Rats were randomized into bleomycin-pre-injured or healthy control groups. One day later, rats were either not ventilated, or ventilated with PEEP = 1 or 5 cmH2O and a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg bodyweight for 3 h. Left lungs were subjected to design-based stereology, right lungs to measurements of surfactant proteins (SP−) B and C expression. In pre-injured lungs without ventilation, the expression of SP-C was reduced by bleomycin; while, there were fewer and larger LB compared to healthy lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O ventilation of bleomycin-injured lungs was linked with the thickest blood–gas barrier due to increased septal interstitial volumes. In healthy lungs, increasing PEEP levels reduced mean AE2 cell size and volume of LB per AE2 cell; while in pre-injured lungs, volumes of AE2 cells and LB per cell remained stable across PEEPs. Instead, in pre-injured lungs, increasing PEEP levels increased the number and decreased the mean size of LB. In conclusion, mechanical ventilation-induced alterations in LB ultrastructure differ between healthy and pre-injured lungs. PEEP = 1 cmH2O but not PEEP = 5 cmH2O ventilation aggravated septal interstitial abnormalities after bleomycin challenge.

DIGITALIS TOLERANCE IN YOUNG PUPPIES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 730-736
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Halloran ◽  
Steven C. Schimpff ◽  
Jean G. Nicolas ◽  
Norman S. Talner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Littermate Control ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contractions ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
The Mean

Tolerance to acetyl strophanthidin, a rapid-acting cardiac aglycone, was determined in 28 anesthetized mongrel puppies, ages 16 to 56 days, and compared to tolerance in 16 littermate puppies in whom acute hypercapnic acidemia was produced. The tolerance was also compared to that of four adult mongrel dogs. The toxic dose was defined as the intravenous amount required to produce four consecutive premature ventricular contractions. A marked variation in the toxic dose was found in the 28 control puppies (range 83 to 353 µg/kg, mean 169 µg/kg) which could not be correlated with age, arterial blood gases or pH, serum potassium or sodium, arterial pressure, or heart rate. The toxic dose was significantly greater in the puppies than in the adult dogs, in whom the mean toxic dose was 64 µg/kg (range 50 to 89 µg/kg). A significant increase in tolerance was also observed in the puppies with hypercapnic acidemia (mean toxic dose 220 µg/kg, range 93 to 375 µg/kg) in comparison to tolerance in the control puppies and despite the wide range of tolerance, each of the puppies with hypercapnic acidemia showed greater tolerance than its littermate control puppy. Assessment of the clinical implications of these findings will require study of the effects of alterations in acid-base balance on the inotropic effect of acetyl strophanthidin in addition to the toxic electrophysiologic effects.

Acid-Base Balance and Blood Gas Interpretation

2001 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
M. Fareed Azam ◽  
William T. Peruzzi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Blood-Gas and Acid–Base Parameters in Nontranquilized Arabian Oryx (Oryx leucoryx) in the United Arab Emirates

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conor Kilgallon ◽  
Tom Bailey ◽  
Barbara Arca-Ruibal ◽  
Martha Misheff ◽  
Declan O'Donovan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Arabian Oryx

scholarly journals Blood gas analyses and other components involved in the acid–base metabolism of rats infected by Trypanosoma evansi

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1079-1082
Author(s):  
Matheus D. Baldissera ◽  
Rodrigo A. Vaucher ◽  
Camila B. Oliveira ◽  
Virginia C. Rech ◽  
Michele R. Sagrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Blood Gas Analyses

scholarly journals Remote Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Tissue Oxygenation in a Porcine Model of Controlled Hemorrhage Without Fluid Resuscitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Yaniv ◽  
Arik Eisenkraft ◽  
Lilach Gavish ◽  
Linn Wagnert-Avraham ◽  
Dean Nachman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Tissue Oxygenation ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
Remote Ischemic Preconditioning ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Extraction Ratio ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Field Situation

Abstract Purpose Remote Ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) involves deliberate, brief interruptions of blood flow to increase the tolerance of distant critical organs to ischemia. This study tests the effects of limb RIPC in a porcine model of controlled hemorrhage without replacement therapy simulating an extreme field situation of delayed evacuation to definitive care.Methods Twenty-eight pigs (47±6kg) were assigned to: (1) control, no procedure (n=7); (2) HS=hemorrhagic shock (n=13); and (3) RIPC+HS=remote ischemic preconditioning followed by hemorrhage (n=8). The animals were observed for 7 hours after bleeding without fluid replacement. Results Survival rate between animals that underwent RIPC before bleeding and those bled without prior RIPC were similar (HS, 6 of 13[46%]-vs-RIPC+HS, 4 of 8[50%], p=0.86 by Chi-square). Animals with prior RIPC had faster recovery of mean arterial pressure and developed higher heart rates without complications. Those with RIPC had less decrease in pH and bicarbonate, and the increase in lactate began later. Global oxygen delivery was higher, and tissue oxygen extraction ratio lower, in animals bled after RIPC. Conclusions These improvements after RIPC in hemodynamic and metabolic status provide essential substrates for improved cellular response after hemorrhage and reduction of the likelihood of potentially catastrophic consequences of the accompanying ischemia.

The effect of replacing fetal hemoglobin with adult hemoglobin on blood gas and acid-base parameters in human fetuses

1988 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Soothill ◽  
Kypros H. Nicolaides ◽  
Charles H. Rodeck ◽  
Authony J. Bellingham
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Hemoglobin ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Adult Hemoglobin
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