Solitary Radiolucent Erdheim-chester Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Erdheim-chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans histiocytosis of unknown etiology, which typically presents with bilateral symmetric osteosclerosis and multi-organ involvement. Lesions may be intraosseous or extraosseous and involve the heart, pulmonary system, CNS, and skin in order of decreasing likelihood. Objective: The objective of this study is to discuss a case of erdheim-chester disease and conduct a review of the literature. Case: We describe a rare case of erdheim-chester in an asymptomatic 37-year-old male who was diagnosed after suffering a right ulnar injury. Subsequent evaluation revealed a solitary radiolucent ulnar lesion without multi-system involvement. Results & Conclusion: The case is unique in its solitary distribution, lytic radiographic appearance, and asymptomatic presentation preceding pathologic fracture. This presentation may simulate multiple other bone lesions.

A Literature Review in Understanding the Physio-Pathological Facet of COVID-19

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, now named as SARS-CoV-2, caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed as COVID-19 and is transmittable between humans that has caused a pandemic worldwide. An early clinical report showed that fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and myalgia were initial symptoms, with the development of pneumonia as the disease progressed. COVID-19 basically involved the pulmonary system at the onset, thereby involving the other organs like gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular System and nervous system is based on virulence. Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases. Here, we review the current knowledge about this disease in relation to its various aspects and make comparison systemic-wise for better understanding of the systemic physio pathological aspect of Covid-19 that may help in contributing towards finding the solution that is needed at present.

Long Covid after Breakthrough COVID-19: the post-acute sequelae of breakthrough COVID-19

The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 have been described1, but whether breakthrough COVID-19 (that is the disease that ensues following vaccine breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection) results in post-acute sequelae is not yet clear. Here we use the national healthcare databases of the US Department of Veterans Affairs to characterize 6-month risks of incident post-acute sequelae in people with breakthrough COVID-19 who survived for at least 30 days after diagnosis. We show that compared to people with no evidence of COVID-19, beyond the first 30 days of illness, people with breakthrough COVID-19 exhibit a higher risk of death and broad array of incident post-acute sequelae in the pulmonary system, as well as extrapulmonary sequelae that include cardiovascular disorders, coagulation disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, general disorders (e.g., fatigue), kidney disorders, mental health disorders, metabolic disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, and neurologic disorders. Our analyses by care setting of the acute phase of the disease show that people who were not hospitalized during the first 30 days after diagnosis with breakthrough COVID-19 exhibit a small but not insignificant increase in risk of death and post-acute sequelae; the risks are further increased in people who were hospitalized during the acute phase of the disease. Our comparative approach shows that people with breakthrough COVID-19 exhibit lower risks of death and post-acute sequelae than people with COVID-19 who were not previously vaccinated for it; and in analyses among individuals who were hospitalized during the acute phase of the disease, people with breakthrough COVID-19 exhibit higher risks of death and post-acute sequelae than people with seasonal influenza. Altogether, our findings show increased risks of death and post-acute sequalae in people with breakthrough COVID-19; the risks are evident among those who were not hospitalized during the acute phase of the disease. Our comparative approach provides context for understanding the risks in relation to COVID-19 without prior vaccination and seasonal influenza. The findings will inform the ongoing effort to optimize strategies for prevention of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections and will guide development and optimization of post-acute care pathways for people with breakthrough COVID-19.

On the occurrence of lateral openings and fossae (pleurocoels) in the thoracic vertebrae of neornithine birds and their functional significance

The occurrence of lateral openings and pleurocoels (lateral fossae) in the corpus of the thoracic vertebrae of extant and fossil neornithine birds is reviewed, with both features having been identified as osteological correlates of the avian pulmonary system. Openings mainly occur in larger species with a high overall bone pneumatization but do not seem to serve for the passage of lung or air sac diverticula. Pleurocoels, on the other hand, are not directly related to pneumatic features and constitute a plesiomorphic trait that was widespread in Mesozoic non-neornithine birds. It is noted that an inverse correlation exists between the occurrence of pleurocoels and the pneumatization of the humerus, with pleurocoels being mainly found in extant and fossil taxa, in which the humerus is not pneumatized by diverticula of the clavicular air sac. Here it is hypothesized that pleurocoels primarily serve to increase the structural resistance of the vertebral body and were reduced multiple times in neornithine birds. In some taxa, their reduction may be related to the development of the furcula, which assists ventilation of the clavicular and cervical air sacs and may thereby contribute to the pneumatization of both, the humerus and the thoracic vertebrae. If so, Mesozoic non-neornithine birds, which had a rigid furcula with massive shafts as well as non-pneumatic humeri and pronounced pleurocoels, are likely to have differed in functional aspects of their air sac system from extant birds.

Acute mesenteric ischemia in SARS CoV 2: A conventional approach

SARS CoV 2, a novel coronavirus, an airborne virus has been investigated for its inconspicuous prothrombotic states, the mesenteric vessels are one of the many devoured by the virus. Gastrointestinal symptoms may range from a mild gastroenteritis to a grave ischemia indicating a possibility of a severe infection. The hypercoagulability in SARS Cov -2 is possibly related to the hypercoagulable state attributed by the heightened systemic inflammatory response. The interplay of anticoagulants and the immune response is crucial in the management of critical patients , D dimer a fibrin degradation product has demonstrated efficacy in the surveille of coagulability .This case study involved in the scrutiny of a case with the initial presentation of symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection progressing into gastrointestinal symptoms focusses on the medical management of acute mesenteric ischemia in SARS CoV 2, stressing on the importance of early detection and prompt management of the hypercoagulable condition in systems other than the pulmonary system associated with SARS CoV 2. A meticulous analysis of ischemic states in various other organs should be sought in the pandemic.

Peculiarities of glutathione metabolism in COVID-19

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of coronavirus infection on the metabolism of glutathione and sulfur-containing amino acids in patients with COVID-19. The defeat of the pulmonary system by the COVID-19 virus is accompanied by hypoxia, which provokes an increased excretion of cystine in the urine, which can cause tension in the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids and glutathione. The understanding of the mechanisms of influence of the COVID-19 virus on metabolic processes in the body has been expanded

The Traditional Knowledge About Herbal Use In Veterinary Medicine At The Balkan Peninsula

Background. The traditional knowledge about herbal use in veterinary medicine in Serbs is voluminous. However, that wealth is threatened to oblivion because new times give modern methods of treatment. Hence, the aim of this report was to present the collected data about folk methods of treatment and nutrition by the help of available plants related to the animals in Serbs what could be applied in up to date veterinary pharmacy. Methods. The questionnaire of 28 questions was prepared regarding the breeding, nutrition and medical treatment of domestic animals as well as the herbal list of medicinal plants to use. The study is based on the ”Show-and-Tell Technique” from the groups people without veterinary or medical education, with preference to people living in the remote settlements without resident veterinary services. Results. Interviewed persons were in the age range of 30-90 years. Plant interviewee were asked to show the plant species in a fresh or dried condition (for adequate identification). The 1120 filled inquiry sheets were analysed. Ninety two herbs were presented, of whom the most frequent noted were Carlina acaulis, Asteraceae (6 times) and Geum urbanum, Rosaceae (5 times). The most frequent treated diseases were of digestive (47%) and pulmonary system (25%), skin (hair, hoof) (8%) and urinary system (7%). Among “other” cathegory answers like “generaly good for helath” are included. Conclusion. It is still open question for the scientific branches of veterinary pharmacology to find out active ingredients, mechanism of action and application of some plants in the scope of veterinary pharmacology, phytochemistry and phytopharmacology. In that way the listed herbs in this work, which are still not in use nowadays, could be recognized as commercially available.

The effect of music and vagus nerve to improve various Diseases

Human body has energy which determines you are sick, tired, bored, excited and angry or not. According to Physics music is placed in energy spectrum as one part of sounds and volumes, which can affect our body energy. On the other side the rhythmical and compositionality feature of music reinforces this consequence, due to these features, music is more populare than the other hobbies. We often use music in our daily lives, for example, from ringing the doorbell to using the phone or waiting in the elevator to reach the desired floor and etc. it is one common and available supplementary that human can use it for treating different diseases. The music plays an important role in activation of parasympathetic part via the vagus nerve stimulation. The vagus nerve is a tenth nerve of twelve cerebral nerves. The tenth nerve is one of the most important nerves which originates from the brain and is responsible for innervating face, thorax, abdomen and etc. It is a motor sensory nerve. The vagus nerve is also involved in the parasympathetic system. This nerve has two sensory ganglia that transmit sensory impulses: the superior and the inferior ganglia, by which we can affect parasympathetic Nervous System for improvement. Generally these ganglions innervates different part of body such as: ear (where the most stimulations happen in this place), larynx, heart, pulmonary system, abdomen and abdominal viscera. Because of this innervation vagus nerve stimulation can change the activity of pulmonary system, heart, abdomen, intestine and etc. The music stimulates the vagus receptors of the ear. The goal of this article is review the music effects on vagus nerve for treating some diseases such as gut problems, mental health disorders, heart problems, epilepsy, seizures and etc. Finally, since music is always accessible and the human body utilizes it on a daily basis, we can use music as a complementary method in occupational therapy. Keywords: Music therapy, Vagus nerve stimulation, Occupational therapy, complementary therapy.