Exercise reduces arterial pressure augmentation through vasodilation of muscular arteries in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. H1645-H1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzad Munir ◽  
Benyu Jiang ◽  
Antoine Guilcher ◽  
Sally Brett ◽  
Simon Redwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Radial Pulse ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Wave Morphology ◽  
Diastolic Augmentation

Exercise markedly influences pulse wave morphology, but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated whether effects of exercise on the arterial pulse result from alterations in stroke volume or pulse wave velocity (PWV)/large artery stiffness or reduction of pressure wave reflection. Healthy subjects ( n = 25) performed bicycle ergometry. with workload increasing from 25 to 150 W for 12 min. Digital arterial pressure waveforms were recorded using a servo-controlled finger cuff. Radial arterial pressure waveforms and carotid-femoral PWV were determined by applanation tonometry. Stroke volume was measured by echocardiography, and brachial and femoral artery blood flows and diameters were measured by ultrasound. Digital waveforms were recorded continuously. Other measurements were made before and after exercise. Exercise markedly reduced late systolic and diastolic augmentation of the peripheral pressure pulse. At 15 min into recovery, stroke volume and PWV were similar to baseline values, but changes in pulse wave morphology persisted. Late systolic augmentation index (radial pulse) was reduced from 54 ± 3.9% at baseline to 42 ± 3.7% ( P < 0.01), and diastolic augmentation index (radial pulse) was reduced from 37 ± 1.8% to 25 ± 2.9% ( P < 0.001). These changes were accompanied by an increase in femoral blood flow (from 409 ± 44 to 773 ± 48 ml/min, P < 0.05) and an increase in femoral artery diameter (from 8.2 ± 0.4 to 8.6 ± 0.4 mm, P < 0.05). In conclusion, exercise dilates muscular arteries and reduces arterial pressure augmentation, an effect that will enhance ventricular-vascular coupling and reduce load on the left ventricle.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL VASCULAR CHANGES IN HIGH NORMAL ARTERIAL PRESSURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
P. Nikolov
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Aortic Pressure ◽  
Large Arteries ◽  
Central Aortic Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference

The PURPUSE of the present study is changes in function and structure of large arteries in individuals with High Normal Arterial Pressure (HNAP) to be established. MATERIAL and METHODS: Structural and functional changes in the large arteries were investigated in 80 individuals with HNAP and in 45 with optimal arterial pressure (OAP). In terms of arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI), central aortic pressure (CAP), pulse pressure (PP) were followed up in HNAP group. Intima media thickness (IMT), flow-induced vasodilatation (FMD), ankle-brachial index (ABI) were also studied. RESULTS: Significantly increased values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure, pulse pressure are reported in the HNAP group. In terms of IMT and ABI, being in the reference interval, there is no significant difference between HNAP and OAP groups. The calculated cardiovascular risk (CVR) in both groups is low. CONCLUSION: Significantly higher values of pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, central aortic pressure and pulse pressure in the HNAP group are reported.

scholarly journals Effects of pacing modality on noninvasive assessment of heart rate dependency of indices of large artery function

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Tan ◽  
Hosen Kiat ◽  
Edward Barin ◽  
Mark Butlin ◽  
Alberto P. Avolio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Wave Reflection ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Rate Dependency ◽  
Wave Reflections

Studies investigating the relationship between heart rate (HR) and arterial stiffness or wave reflections have commonly induced HR changes through in situ cardiac pacing. Although pacing produces consistent HR changes, hemodynamics can be different with different pacing modalities. Whether the differences affect the HR relationship with arterial stiffness or wave reflections is unknown. In the present study, 48 subjects [mean age, 78 ± 10 (SD), 9 women] with in situ cardiac pacemakers were paced at 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 beats per min under atrial, atrioventricular, or ventricular pacing. At each paced HR, brachial cuff-based pulse wave analysis was used to determine central hemodynamic parameters, including ejection duration (ED) and augmentation index (AIx). Wave separation analysis was used to determine wave reflection magnitude (RM) and reflection index (RI). Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). Pacing modality was found to have significant effects on the HR relationship with ED ( P = 0.01), central aortic pulse pressure ( P = 0.01), augmentation pressure ( P < 0.0001), and magnitudes of both forward and reflected waves ( P = 0.05 and P = 0.003, respectively), but not cfPWV ( P = 0.57) or AIx ( P = 0.38). However, at a fixed HR, significant differences in pulse pressure amplification ( P < 0.001), AIx ( P < 0.0001), RM ( P = 0.03), and RI ( P = 0.03) were observed with different pacing modalities. These results demonstrate that although the HR relationships with arterial stiffness and systolic loading as measured by cfPWV and AIx were unaffected by pacing modality, it should still be taken into account for studies in which mixed pacing modalities are present, in particular, for wave reflection studies.

scholarly journals Severity of Osteoarthritis Is Associated with Increased Arterial Stiffness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaspar Tootsi ◽  
Jaak Kals ◽  
Mihkel Zilmer ◽  
Kaido Paapstel ◽  
Aare Märtson
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Serum Adiponectin ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cardiovascular Comorbidity ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 ◽  
End Stage

Objective.Osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with increased cardiovascular comorbidity and mortality. Evidence is lacking about whether arterial stiffness is involved in OA. The objective of our study was to find out associations between OA, arterial stiffness, and adipokines.Design.Seventy end-stage knee and hip OA patients (age62±7years) and 70 asymptomatic controls (age60±7years) were investigated using the applanation tonometry to determine their parameters of arterial stiffness. Serum adiponectin, leptin, and matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) levels were determined using the ELISA method. Correlation between variables was determined using Spearman’s rho. Multiple regression analysis with a stepwise selection procedure was employed.Results.Radiographic OA grade was positively associated with increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) (r=0.272,p=0.023). We found that OA grade was also associated with leptin and MMP-3 levels (rho=-0.246,p=0.040andrho=0.235,p=0.050, resp.). In addition, serum adiponectin level was positively associated with augmentation index and inversely with large artery elasticity index (rho=0.293,p=0.006andrho=-0.249,p=0.003, resp.).Conclusions.Our results suggest that OA severity is independently associated with increased arterial stiffness and is correlated with expression of adipokines. Thus, increased arterial stiffness and adipokines might play an important role in elevated cardiovascular risk in end-stage OA.

scholarly journals Continuous Cardiac Output Measurement during Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Radial Arterial Pulse Wave versus Femoral Arterial Pulse Wave

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Muralidhar Kanchi ◽  
Manjunath Rudresh ◽  
Sucharita Das
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Grafting ◽  
Arterial Pulse ◽  
Off Pump ◽  
Arterial Pulse Wave ◽  
Pump Coronary Artery Bypass

Abstract Background and Objectives Measurement of cardiac output (CO) during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP-CABG) is useful to assess the impact of displacement of heart during surgery. FloTrac uses the pulse-contour analysis algorithm to derive stroke volume (SV) and CO. This study was aimed to determine whether the site of monitoring of arterial pressure influences the CO measurement using Flotrac/Vigileo. Methods The authors recorded 75 sets of observations in 15 patients who underwent elective OP-CABG. Each patient had the radial and femoral artery cannulated and connected to FloTrac/Vigileo. The hemodynamic parameters were monitored at specified points of time intraoperatively. Results The CO, cardiac index, SV, stroke volume index, and stroke volume variation measured from radial artery did not differ from those of femoral artery at all points of measurement. Conclusion Either of the sites of monitoring of arterial pressure (namely radial and femoral artery) is acceptable for monitoring CO during OP-CABG.

Sympathetic neural modulation of arterial stiffness in humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (6) ◽  
pp. H1338-H1346
Author(s):  
Massimo Nardone ◽  
John S. Floras ◽  
Philip J. Millar
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Artery Stiffness

Elevated large-artery stiffness is recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The mechanisms responsible for such stiffening are incompletely understood. Several recent cross-sectional and acute experimental studies have examined whether sympathetic outflow, quantified by microneurographic measures of muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), can modulate large-artery stiffness in humans. A major methodological challenge of this research has been the capacity to evaluate the independent neural contribution without influencing the dynamic blood pressure dependence of arterial stiffness. The focus of this review is to summarize the evidence examining 1) the relationship between resting MSNA and large-artery stiffness, as determined by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity or pulse wave reflection characteristics (i.e., augmentation index) in men and women; 2) the effects of acute sympathoexcitatory or sympathoinhibitory maneuvers on carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index; and 3) the influence of sustained increases or decreases in sympathetic neurotransmitter release or circulating catecholamines on large-artery stiffness. The present results highlight the growing evidence that the sympathetic nervous system is capable of modulating arterial stiffness independent of prevailing hemodynamics and vasomotor tone.

scholarly journals The effects of thyrotoxicosis and its treatment on central arterial stiffness

2002 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Obuobie ◽  
J Smith ◽  
R John ◽  
JS Davies ◽  
JH Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Analysis Design ◽  
Additional Therapy ◽  
Control Study

OBJECTIVE: To assess central arterial stiffness in thyrotoxicosis using the technique of pulse wave analysis. DESIGN: Case control study designed to determine the effect of thyrotoxicosis on central arterial stiffness and at 6 months after radioiodine treatment. PATIENTS: Twenty (18 women and 2 men) thyrotoxic patients and 20 age- and sex-matched controls were studied at baseline. Thyrotoxic patients were re-studied at 6 months following treatment of thyrotoxicosis with 555 MBq (131)I with no additional therapy for the six-month period. MEASUREMENTS: Using the sphygmocor apparatus, peripheral pressure waveforms were recorded non-invasively from the radial artery and central pressure waveforms were generated from these. Indices of arterial stiffness, central augmentation index (AI), augmentation of central arterial pressure (AG) and central blood pressures were derived. AI corrected for heart rate (AIc) was calculated. RESULTS: Thyrotoxic patients recorded a significantly lower AI (means+/-s.e.m.) compared with controls (15.0+/-2.1 vs 28.0+/-2.1%; P<0.0005) even when corrected for differences in heart rate AIc (20.0+/-2.1 vs 28.0+/-2.1%; P<0.005) as well as AG (6.0+/-0.8 vs 10.0+/-1.1 mmHg; P<0.002) but higher pulse pressure (58.0+/-3.5 vs 47.0+/-2.0 mmHg; P<0.02). At 6 months following treatment, a significant rise in AIc (27.0+/-1.8 vs 20.0+/-2.1%; P<0.005) and AG (11.0+/-1.0 vs 6.0+/-0.8 mmHg; P<0.005) was noted. Lipid profiles were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggested that subjects with untreated thyrotoxicosis have a decreased augmentation of central arterial pressure or lowered central arterial stiffness that would not appear to contribute to any excess cardiovascular risk in that condition.

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