Volume-pressure relationship (compliance) of interstitium in dog skin and muscle

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H291-H298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wiig ◽  
R. K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Maximal Increase ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Needle Technique ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muscle Compliance

The relationship between changes in interstitial fluid volume (IFV) and pressure (IFP) during over- and dehydration was estimated in hindlimb skin and skeletal muscle of 17 dogs. IFV was measured as the extravascular distribution volume of 51Cr-EDTA after nephrectomy and IFP with micropipettes, wick-in-needle technique (WIN), and perforated capsules. Control IFP (micropipettes) averaged -1.7 +/- 0.5 (n = 17) and 0.0 +/- 1.0 mmHg (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively, not different from corresponding WIN and capsule pressures in subcutis. Control IFV was 0.93 +/- 0.34 (n = 17) and 0.42 +/- 0.11 ml/g dry wt (SD; n = 17) in skin and muscle, respectively. Peritoneal dialysis with 20% glucose reduced IFV by 27% in skin and by 44% in muscle, whereas micropipette IFP fell gradually by approximately 4 mmHg in skin and muscle. Compliance during dehydration was 7.6 and 12.5% change in IFV per millimeter Hg fall in IFP (micropipettes) in skin and muscle, respectively, whereas compliance in subcutis based on perforated capsule pressure was 2.0% change in IFV per millimeter Hg. The maximal increase in IFP during overhydration was approximately 2 mmHg in both skin and muscle. Skin and muscle compliance in dogs did not differ significantly from that of rats and cats. We conclude that the difference in compliance among previous studies mainly results from different methods for IFP measurement but is probably also influenced by the state of hydration before altering IFV.

Relationship between interstitial fluid volume and pressure (compliance) in hypothyroid rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. H1085-H1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Wiig ◽  
Tjøstolv Lund
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume

There is clinical and experimental evidence that lack of thyroid hormones may affect the composition and structure of the interstitium. This can influence the relationship between volume and pressure during changes in hydration. Hypothyrosis was induced in rats by thyroidectomy 8 wk before the experiments. Overhydration was induced by infusion of acetated Ringer, 5, 10, and 20% of the body weight, while fluid was withdrawn by peritoneal dialysis with hypertonic glucose. Interstitial fluid pressure (Pi) in euvolemia (euvolemic control situation) and experimental situation was measured with micropipettes connected to a servocontrolled counterpressure system. The corresponding interstitial fluid volume (Vi) was found as the difference between extracellular fluid volume measured as the distribution volume of 51Cr-labeled EDTA and plasma volume measured using125I-labeled human serum albumin. In euvolemia, Vi was similar or lower in the skin and higher in skeletal muscle of hypothyroid than in euthyroid control rats, whereas the corresponding Pi was higher in all tissues. During overhydration, Pi rose to the same absolute level in both types of rats, whereas during peritoneal dialysis there was a linear relationship between volume and pressure in all tissues and types of rats. Interstitial compliance (Ci), calculated as the inverse value of the slope of the curve relating changes in volume and pressure in dehydration, did not differ significantly in the hindlimb skin of hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. However, in skeletal muscle, Ci was 1.3 and 2.0 ml · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1 in hypothyroid and euthyroid rats ( P < 0.01), with corresponding numbers for the back skin of 2.7 and 5.0 ml · 100 g−1 · mmHg−1 ( P < 0.01). These experiments suggest that lack of thyroid hormones in rats changes the interstitial matrix, again leading to reduced Ci and reduced ability to mobilize fluid from the interstitium.

Interstitial fluid pressure, composition of interstitium, and interstitial exclusion of albumin in hypothyroid rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (5) ◽  
pp. H1627-H1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Wiig ◽  
Rolf K. Reed ◽  
Olav Tenstad
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Pressure ◽  
Albumin Concentration ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Hindlimb Muscle ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Control

Lack of thyroid hormones may affect the composition and structure of the interstitium. Hypothyrosis was induced in rats by thyroidectomy 4–12 wk before the experiments. In hypothyroid rats ( n = 16), interstitial fluid pressure measured with micropipettes in hindlimb skin and muscle averaged +0.1 ± 0.2 and +0.5 ± 0.2 mmHg, respectively, with corresponding pressures in control rats ( n = 16) of −1.5 ± 0.1 ( P < 0.001) and −0.8 ± 0.1 mmHg ( P < 0.001). Interstitial fluid volume, measured as the difference between the distribution volumes of 51Cr-EDTA and125I-labeled BSA, was similar or lower in skin and higher in hypothyroid muscle. Total protein and albumin concentration in plasma and interstitial fluid (isolated from implanted wicks) was lower in hypothyroid compared with control rats. Hyaluronan content ( n = 9) in rat hindlimb skin was 2.05 ± 0.15 and 1.92 ± 0.09 mg/g dry wt ( P > 0.05) in hypothyroid and control rats, respectively, with corresponding content in hindlimb skeletal muscle of 0.35 ± 0.07 and 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/g dry wt ( P < 0.01). Interstitial exclusion of albumin in skin and muscle was measured after 125I-labeled rat serum albumin infusion for 120–168 h with an implanted osmotic pump. Relative excluded volume for albumin (Ve/Vi) was calculated as 1 − Va/Vi, and averaged 28 and 28% in hindlimb muscle ( P > 0.05), 44 and 45% in hindlimb skin ( P > 0.05), and 19 and 32% in back skin ( P < 0.05) in hypothyroid and control rats, respectively. Albumin mass was higher in back skin in spite of a lower interstitial fluid albumin concentration, a finding explained by a reduced Ve/Vi in back skin in hypothyroid rats. These experiments suggest that lack of thyroid hormones in rats changes the interstitial matrix again leading to reduced interstitial compliance and changes in the transcapillary fluid balance.

Detecting and Preventing Dehydration in Alzheimer's Patients: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Dementia Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Melina Oison
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Neuronal Dysfunction ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
The Relationship

Abnormalities of water homeostasis can be early expressions of neuronal dysfunction, brain atrophy, chronic cerebrovasculopathy and neurodegenerative disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the serum osmolality of subjects with cognitive impairment.The hydromolecular hypothesis intends to explain the relationship between dehydration and cognitive impairment in older patients as the result of protein misfolding and aggregation, in the presence of a low interstitial fluid volume, which is a defect of the microcirculation. Defective proteins were shown to impair the amount of information in brain biomolecular mechanisms, with consequent neuronal and synaptic damage.

Interstitial exclusion of IgG in rat tissues estimated by continuous infusion

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (1) ◽  
pp. H212-H219 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wiig ◽  
G. A. Kaysen ◽  
H. A. al-Bander ◽  
M. De Carlo ◽  
L. Sibley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tail Tendon ◽  
Endogenous Albumin

Interstitial exclusion, defined as the fraction of interstitial fluid volume inaccessible to a solute, was evaluated for immunoglobulin G (IgG) in selected tissues of rats by a method previously applied to serum albumin (29). IgG distribution volumes were also measured for intestine. 125I-labeled rat IgG was infused for 5 or 7 days (n = 4 rats each) with an implanted osmotic pump (Alzet). At the termination of infusion, the rat was anesthetized, nephrectomized, and injected with 51Cr-labeled EDTA (4 h) to label total extracellular fluid volume and 131I-labeled bovine IgG (5 min) to label plasma volume. Samples of skin, muscle, and tendon were assayed for total and extractable tracer activity. Interstitial fluid from these tissues was sampled postmortem with nylon wicks for assay of 125I-labeled IgG and endogenous albumin and IgG. Exclusion of IgG was calculated from the difference between extravascular 125I-labeled IgG and 51Cr-labeled EDTA distribution volumes. In contrast to our previous experience with tracer albumin, 125I-labeled IgG was not fully extractable from minced skin, muscle, or tendon by isotonic saline; only 71-83% was recovered under conditions that eluted 92-96% of tracer albumin and 94-99% of tracer EDTA. We conclude that approximately 20% of extravascular 125I-labeled IgG in these tissues is sequestered or bound in the interstitium. Calculation of IgG fractional exclusion from extractable tracer yielded the following values (means +/- SE, n = 8 rats): leg muscles 0.37 +/- 0.09, leg skin 0.44 +/- 0.03, back skin 0.36 +/- 0.04, tail skin 0.40 +/- 0.08, and tail tendon 0.55 +/- 0.04.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Plasma and Interstitial Volumes in Essential Hypertension: Relationship to Blood Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Bing ◽  
A. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Renal Perfusion ◽  
Primary Event ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

1. Plasma and interstitial fluid volumes have been measured simultaneously in men with uncomplicated and untreated essential hypertension. 2. Plasma volume (Evans blue) was reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. 3. Interstitial fluid volume, derived from bromine space and plasma volume, was also reduced in essential hypertension and correlated inversely with blood pressure. The mean reduction in both plasma and interstitial fluid volumes was 6–7%. 4. There is no evidence for volume expansion in essential hypertension and the relationship between plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is preserved. The contraction of plasma and interstitial fluid volumes is most likely to reflect a natriuresis and diuresis secondary to the raised renal perfusion pressure, and sodium retention is unlikely to be a primary event in essential hypertension.

Renal transit times and distribution volumes of T-1824, creatinine, and water

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis P. Chinard ◽  
Theodore Enns ◽  
Carl A. Goresky ◽  
Mary F. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Extracellular Volume ◽  
Distribution Volume ◽  
Indicator Dilution ◽  
Cell Water ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Accessible Volume ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
Dog Kidney

The multiple indicator-dilution technique has been applied to a study of the vascular and extravascular volumes of the dog kidney in vivo. After probenecid, the venous outflow patterns of hippurate, iodopyracet, and chlorothiazide are nearly identical to those of creatinine. The patterns of fructose and diatrizoate are nearly identical to those of creatinine under control conditions. Creatinine's distribution is flow limited and not diffusion limited, and its accessible volume is the extracellular volume of the kidney. The distribution volume of inulin is smaller owing either to diffusion limitation or to an excluded volume phenomenon. At renal blood flows of 6 ml/sec per 100 g kidney, the vascular volume averages 20.5 ml blood and the interstitial fluid volume 20.0 ml equivalent plasma/100 g kidney. From experiments with labeled water, cell water averages 38.7 g/100 g kidney. The ratio of interstitial fluid to cell water averages 0.56. The distribution volume of sodium falls between that of water and that of creatinine. Some limitations of indicator-dilution experiments are indicated.

Interstitial compliance and transcapillary Starling pressures in cat skin and skeletal muscle

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. H666-H673 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wiig ◽  
R. K. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Saline Infusion ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Interstitial Fluid Volume ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Maximal Rise

Interstitial compliance, defined as change in local interstitial fluid volume (delta IFV) divided by the corresponding change in local interstitial fluid pressure (delta IFP), has been measured in skin and muscle of pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. IFP was measured with micropipettes and IFV as the difference between 51Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid space and 125I-human serum albumin space. IFV was altered by overhydration (saline infusion, 10% of body wt, or by femoral vein ligation plus saline infusion, 20% of body wt) or by dehydration (peritoneal dialysis with 20% glucose). Control IFV in skin and muscle averaged 1.45 (SD 0.44, n = 22) and 0.37 (SD 0.04, n = 22) ml/g dry wt, respectively, with corresponding IFP of -1.9 (SD 0.4, n = 22) and -0.8 (SD 0.6, n = 22) mmHg. During dehydration, IFV fell by 5.5 and 10.4% per mmHg fall in IFP in skin and muscle, respectively. The maximal rise in IFP during overhydration was about 2 mmHg in both tissues. Analysis of covariance showed that compliance was lower in cats than in rats during dehydration (P less than 0.05). At subnormal IFV, IFP will therefore be more powerful in opposing capillary absorption of interstitial fluid in cats than in rats. IFP is, however, of similar importance in edema prevention in the two species.

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